Gut Microbes:运动还能抗炎!内源性大麻素介导肠道产生抗炎物质 减少炎症

2021-11-29 生物探索 生物探索

生命在于运动!

生命在于运动,这句耳熟能详的俗语道出了运动对于维持人体健康的重要性。近几年的研究证实,这主要是因为运动会让身体产生类似大麻的物质,称为内源性大麻素。内源性大麻素(EC),科学家已知有两种主要类型,即Anandamide2-AG2-花生四烯酰基甘油),它们结合特定受体并引发细胞信号。EC系统由 EC及其受体组成,其中最具代表性的是G蛋白偶联受体 CB1CB2 以及产生和降解EC的酶,可以调节全身能量代谢、疼痛和脑生物学。

不仅如此,最新的一项研究表明:运动可以在关节炎患者体内产生高水平的内源性大麻素,介导肠道益生菌产生抗炎物质,减轻疼痛。该研究以“Theanti-inflammatory effect of bacterial short chain fatty acids is partiallymediated by endocannabinoids”为题,发表于《Gut Microbes》上,详细阐述了这一发现。

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以往的大量证据表明,特定的肠道微生物菌株会调节肠道细胞中大麻素和μ-阿片受体的表达。因此,益生元、益生菌和抗生素会影响肠道EC系统。此外,EC系统失调与消化系统疾病有关,例如炎症性肠病、肠易激综合征和肥胖症。

在本项研究中,研究者首先分析了内源性大麻素水平与肠道微生物组组成、短链脂肪酸(SCFA)和炎症标志物的关联。将78名关节炎患者(年龄大于45岁)分为运动组38人,每天进行15分钟的肌肉强化练习,持续六周;对照组40人,无需运动。参与者被要求至少从前一天晚上9点开始禁食(最短禁食时间为11.5小时),每天分别测量对照组和运动组的基线血清物质含量,待运动组运动结束后,再次同时测量两组的血清物质含量,并根据这些测试结果进行统计分析。

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内源性大麻素与肠道微生物组组成、SCFA 和炎性细胞因子的关联使用两个年龄和性别匹配的独立队列进行横断面和纵向评估

结果发现:运动组血清中的短链脂肪酸显著增高了:丁酸是对照组的1.7倍,丙酸是3倍,异丁酸是1.1倍,内源性大麻素主要是与丁酸盐显著相关;EC 水平与抗炎标记物(例如 IL-10)呈正相关,但与一系列促炎细胞因子呈负相关。换句话说,短链脂肪酸(SCFA)能促进健康,并能降低患炎症性疾病、糖尿病和心血管疾病的风险,其中丁酸则被证明具有全身抗炎的作用。

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ECs (a) 微生物组组成的最强关联;(b) 短链脂肪酸和 (c) 促炎和抗炎细胞因子

为了使得结果更有说服力,研究者还设了健康对照组,35名受试者年龄均大于18岁,同样也不用做任何运动,然后以相同的方式收集他们的血清样本来做测试。结果发现,运动组的关节炎患者在进行运动后,血清里的丁酸值17.23ng/L(标准差4.10)也远高于健康对照组8.39ng/L(标准差0.73),说明短短15分钟的运动时间就能在血清中迅速产生大量的抗炎物质丁酸。

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相关数据分析

此外研究还发现在 ECs 中,AEA OEA 的变化与肠道微生物组多样性呈正相关;EC 的增加还与双歧杆菌、粪球菌和粪杆菌等产生SCFA的细菌丰度增加有关;而柯林斯氏菌(常被发现在非酒精性脂肪肝炎、2型糖尿病等患者的肠道内)的细菌丰度降低。从而印证了内源性大麻素对介导肠道微生物生成抗炎物质有密切联系。

 总而言之,研究证实了运动使人体产生大量内源性大麻素介导肠道益生菌生成高水平的短链脂肪酸如丁酸来抗炎,从而减轻了患者的疼痛。由此可见运动能给人体健康带来实实在在的好处,可谓是一举多得。所以,即便是到了冬天,大家还是要坚持运动,保证各项身体机能处于良好状态。

参考资料:

[1]https://doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2021.1997559

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  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2084657, encodeId=47a7208465e78, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=61f411e013b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Micro#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11701, encryptionId=61f411e013b, topicName=Micro)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d59291, createdName=xjy02, createdTime=Thu Nov 10 11:58:02 CST 2022, time=2022-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1682052, encodeId=39b616820529f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=15593040e9a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#内源性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=30407, encryptionId=15593040e9a, topicName=内源性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b46b27929604, createdName=diushouji, createdTime=Mon May 09 16:58:02 CST 2022, time=2022-05-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1744762, encodeId=69501e4476259, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d6cc304149c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#内源性大麻素#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=30414, encryptionId=d6cc304149c, topicName=内源性大麻素)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=153235436253, createdName=jml2021, createdTime=Wed Oct 12 21:58:02 CST 2022, time=2022-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1857962, encodeId=487c185e9621e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3f48525849' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CRO#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5258, encryptionId=3f48525849, topicName=CRO)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c30265, createdName=jiafufeng@yaho, createdTime=Sun Feb 06 01:58:02 CST 2022, time=2022-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1272792, encodeId=d24912e2792bc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d04f440581e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#大麻#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=44058, encryptionId=d04f440581e, topicName=大麻)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=87b1109, createdName=kcb069, createdTime=Wed Dec 01 11:58:02 CST 2021, time=2021-12-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1361200, encodeId=9226136120092, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5c644406910' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#大麻素#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=44069, encryptionId=5c644406910, topicName=大麻素)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7387164, createdName=zhangj7108, createdTime=Wed Dec 01 11:58:02 CST 2021, time=2021-12-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1075207, encodeId=6cc410e52073a, content=坚持学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210313/9df56058b3964a8cac82563f95f0389d/c1b478592e8e4463bef44d32712e98fd.jpg, createdBy=ea905324251, createdName=SR~young海东, createdTime=Mon Nov 29 21:08:44 CST 2021, time=2021-11-29, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-12-01 kcb069
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2084657, encodeId=47a7208465e78, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=61f411e013b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Micro#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11701, encryptionId=61f411e013b, topicName=Micro)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d59291, createdName=xjy02, createdTime=Thu Nov 10 11:58:02 CST 2022, time=2022-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1682052, encodeId=39b616820529f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=15593040e9a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#内源性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=30407, encryptionId=15593040e9a, topicName=内源性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b46b27929604, createdName=diushouji, createdTime=Mon May 09 16:58:02 CST 2022, time=2022-05-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1744762, encodeId=69501e4476259, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d6cc304149c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#内源性大麻素#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=30414, encryptionId=d6cc304149c, topicName=内源性大麻素)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=153235436253, createdName=jml2021, createdTime=Wed Oct 12 21:58:02 CST 2022, time=2022-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1857962, encodeId=487c185e9621e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3f48525849' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CRO#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5258, encryptionId=3f48525849, topicName=CRO)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c30265, createdName=jiafufeng@yaho, createdTime=Sun Feb 06 01:58:02 CST 2022, time=2022-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1272792, encodeId=d24912e2792bc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d04f440581e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#大麻#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=44058, encryptionId=d04f440581e, topicName=大麻)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=87b1109, createdName=kcb069, createdTime=Wed Dec 01 11:58:02 CST 2021, time=2021-12-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1361200, encodeId=9226136120092, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5c644406910' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#大麻素#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=44069, encryptionId=5c644406910, topicName=大麻素)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7387164, createdName=zhangj7108, createdTime=Wed Dec 01 11:58:02 CST 2021, time=2021-12-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1075207, encodeId=6cc410e52073a, content=坚持学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210313/9df56058b3964a8cac82563f95f0389d/c1b478592e8e4463bef44d32712e98fd.jpg, createdBy=ea905324251, createdName=SR~young海东, createdTime=Mon Nov 29 21:08:44 CST 2021, time=2021-11-29, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2084657, encodeId=47a7208465e78, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=61f411e013b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Micro#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11701, encryptionId=61f411e013b, topicName=Micro)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d59291, createdName=xjy02, createdTime=Thu Nov 10 11:58:02 CST 2022, time=2022-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1682052, encodeId=39b616820529f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=15593040e9a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#内源性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=30407, encryptionId=15593040e9a, topicName=内源性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b46b27929604, createdName=diushouji, createdTime=Mon May 09 16:58:02 CST 2022, time=2022-05-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1744762, encodeId=69501e4476259, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d6cc304149c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#内源性大麻素#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=30414, encryptionId=d6cc304149c, topicName=内源性大麻素)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=153235436253, createdName=jml2021, createdTime=Wed Oct 12 21:58:02 CST 2022, time=2022-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1857962, encodeId=487c185e9621e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3f48525849' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CRO#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5258, encryptionId=3f48525849, topicName=CRO)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c30265, createdName=jiafufeng@yaho, createdTime=Sun Feb 06 01:58:02 CST 2022, time=2022-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1272792, encodeId=d24912e2792bc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d04f440581e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#大麻#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=44058, encryptionId=d04f440581e, topicName=大麻)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=87b1109, createdName=kcb069, createdTime=Wed Dec 01 11:58:02 CST 2021, time=2021-12-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1361200, encodeId=9226136120092, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5c644406910' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#大麻素#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=44069, encryptionId=5c644406910, topicName=大麻素)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7387164, createdName=zhangj7108, createdTime=Wed Dec 01 11:58:02 CST 2021, time=2021-12-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1075207, encodeId=6cc410e52073a, content=坚持学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210313/9df56058b3964a8cac82563f95f0389d/c1b478592e8e4463bef44d32712e98fd.jpg, createdBy=ea905324251, createdName=SR~young海东, createdTime=Mon Nov 29 21:08:44 CST 2021, time=2021-11-29, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-11-29 SR~young海东

    坚持学习

    0

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