NEJM:单次高剂量两性霉素B脂质体方案治疗HIV相关隐球菌性脑膜炎

2022-03-24 zhangfan MedSci原创

单剂量脂质体两性霉素B-氟胞嘧啶-氟康唑联合治疗方案治疗HIV相关隐球菌性脑膜炎的效果与现行WHO推荐方案相当,且不良事件率更低

在HIV高负担地区,隐球菌性脑膜炎是成人脑膜炎的最常见病因,也是世界范围内与HIV相关死亡的第二大原因,大多数死亡患者在撒哈拉以南非洲。尽管抗逆转录病毒治疗获得了极大成功,但在撒哈拉以南非洲地区晚期艾滋病疾病负担仍较为严重,隐球菌性脑膜炎病例数量庞大。两性霉素B(Amphotericin B)为多烯类抗真菌药物,近日研究人员考察了单次高剂量脂质体两性霉素B治疗方案对HIV隐球菌性脑膜炎的治疗效果。


本次iii期随机、对照、非劣效性试验在5个非洲国家进行,HIV阳性成人隐球菌性脑膜炎患者随机接受改进治疗方案(第1天:单次高剂量两性霉素B,每公斤体重10毫克+14天氟胞嘧啶,每天100毫克+氟康唑,每天1200毫克)或WHO推荐方案(两性霉素B脱氧胆酸,每天1毫克+氟胞嘧啶,每天100毫克,连续7天,随后氟康唑每天1200毫克,为期7天)。研究的主要终点是10周内因任何原因死亡,非劣性边界为10%。
844名患者接受了随机分组,814人纳入意向治疗人群。10周时,脂质体两性霉素B组101名患者死亡(24.8%),对照组117人(28.7%,差异为−3.9%),达到非劣性终点。脂质体两性霉素B组患者脑脊液真菌清除率为-0.40log10菌落形成单位(CFU)/mL,对照组为−0.42log10CFU/mL。脂质体两性霉素B组发生3级或4级不良事件率较低(50.0%vs.62.3%)。

组间患者死亡率达到非劣性终点

研究认为,单剂量脂质体两性霉素B-氟胞嘧啶-氟康唑联合治疗方案治疗HIV相关隐球菌性脑膜炎的效果与现行WHO推荐方案相当,且不良事件率更低。
原始出处:
Joseph N. Jarvis, M.R.C.P., Ph.Det al. Single-Dose Liposomal Amphotericin B Treatment for Cryptococcal Meningitis. N Engl J Med,March 24, 2022.

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    2022-12-23 amy0550
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    2022-03-26 xugc
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