**恒磨牙不对称畸形额外牙尖窝沟封闭1例

2020-05-20 樊治英 缪文标 现代医药卫生

前磨牙畸形中央尖、上切牙畸形舌侧尖是较为常见的牙体额外牙尖畸形。发生在恒磨牙的额外牙尖多见于上颌第一恒磨牙的近中舌尖舌侧,又称卡氏尖,发生率约为36.18%。窝沟封闭能有效降低第一恒磨牙患龋风险。作者

前磨牙畸形中央尖、上切牙畸形舌侧尖是较为常见的牙体额外牙尖畸形。发生在恒磨牙的额外牙尖多见于上颌第一恒磨牙的近中舌尖舌侧,又称卡氏尖,发生率约为36.18%。窝沟封闭能有效降低第一恒磨牙患龋风险。作者在临床工作中发现同时存在不对称大小的上颌第一恒磨牙卡氏尖及下颌第一恒磨牙颊侧额外牙尖畸形1例,因额外牙尖周围亦存在深窝沟故同时予以窝沟封闭,现报道如下。

1.临床资料
  
患儿,男,8岁,口腔筛查后纳入珠海市免费窝沟封闭项目。口腔检查:替牙颌,16/26/36/46完全萌出且达咬合平面;16、26颌面与远中舌沟和36、46颌面与颊沟均为深窝沟;16、26近中舌尖舌侧中1/3处分别见基地大小约1.5mm/3mm锥形卡氏尖,其中16卡氏尖与远中舌沟无接触且和近中舌尖过度光滑,26卡氏尖与远中舌沟底端及近中舌尖间形成“V”形深窝沟;36、46近中颊尖中1/3与颊沟交界处分别见基地大小约2mm/1.2mm锥形额外牙尖,其中36额外牙尖与颊沟中1/3接触平滑且和近中颊尖过度光滑,46额外牙尖和近中颊尖间过度光滑但与颊沟中1/3在接触处形成小弧形深窝沟。窝沟封闭过程:(1)尖细探针去除深窝沟内软垢,低速手机装锥形小毛刷沾无氟牙膏清洁深窝沟后水枪充分冲洗。(2)棉卷隔湿下将牙面吹干,37%磷酸凝胶酸蚀剂通过针状输送头涂在深窝沟部位,尤其16、26远中舌沟及26卡氏尖与远中舌沟底端及近中舌尖间形成“V”形深窝沟和36、46颊沟及46额外牙尖与颊沟中1/3在接触处形成的小弧形深窝沟应涂布酸蚀剂,30s后用水枪加压冲洗牙面15s将酸蚀剂冲洗干净。(3)更换棉卷隔湿并吹干牙面直至白垩色。(4)将窝沟封闭剂输送至深窝沟处,探针引导使封闭剂完全渗入窝沟点隙中并剔除气泡。(5)确认深窝沟处封闭剂涂布无误后采用光固化灯照射30s。(6)探针全面检查无误后调颌,封闭后效果见图1。


图1 四颗第一恒磨牙窝沟封闭后效果图

2.讨论
  
龋病是中国爱卫会、国家教育部和国家卫生健康委员会提出的需要重点防治的六大校园常见疾病之一。因窝沟深,表面钙化程度低等解剖特点,90%的龋坏均发生在年轻恒磨牙窝沟。第一恒磨牙在6~7岁长出,较早的萌出时间使其成为龋病高发牙位,而第一恒磨牙龋病的发生不仅会影响咬合平衡,还可导致咀嚼功能下降威胁整个牙颌系统,严重影响身心健康。

本报道中患儿四颗第一恒磨牙均有额外牙尖的存在且彼此大小不对称,尤其左上第一恒磨牙和右下第一恒磨牙的额外牙尖与牙面形成有深窝沟区域,牙齿清洁难度增大,龋齿发生可能性较高。如若清洁不到位出现牙髓病变,额外牙尖内牙髓组织存留则会明显增加治疗难度;下颌第一恒磨牙颊侧额外牙尖的存在对正畸治疗中颊面管的粘结固位或带环制作有不良影响;因龋病变至难以保留者,拔除时也会因为第一恒磨牙额外牙尖的存在导致牙钳难以就位,应考虑磨除额外牙尖后再用牙钳拔牙或选用其他方式拔牙。窝沟封闭是指不去除牙体组织,在颌面、颊面或舌面的点隙裂沟涂布一层粘结性树脂,保护牙釉质不受细菌及代谢产物的侵蚀,达到预防龋病发生的一种方法。

研究表明,在第一恒磨牙未患龋前进行窝沟封闭可以有效地预防龋病的发生。综上所述,第一恒磨牙患龋率不低,而额外牙尖的存在增加了清洁难度且给口腔疾病常见的诊疗带来不小挑战,当临床检查第一恒磨牙额外牙尖周围存在深窝沟时,应该积极选择窝沟封闭降低患龋风险。

原始出处:

樊治英,缪文标.第一恒磨牙不对称畸形额外牙尖窝沟封闭1例[J].现代医药卫生,2019,35(12):1918-1919.

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