BMC Med:妊娠期使用抗癫痫药 风险必须引起重视

2017-08-03 佚名 环球医学资讯

癫痫是最常见的慢性神经性疾病,影响0.6~1%的人群。妊娠女性癫痫造成频繁痉挛,增加妊娠相关并发症的风险。2017年5月,发表在《BMC Med》的一项由加拿大科学家进行的先天畸形和产前结局的系统评价和网络Meta分析,比较了妊娠期抗癫痫药的安全性。

癫痫是最常见的慢性神经性疾病,影响0.6~1%的人群。妊娠女性癫痫造成频繁痉挛,增加妊娠相关并发症的风险。2017年5月,发表在《BMC Med》的一项由加拿大科学家进行的先天畸形和产前结局的系统评价和网络Meta分析,比较了妊娠期抗癫痫药的安全性。请看本期多学科讨论组临床药师各抒己见为您梳理本文看点——

背景:癫痫孕妇常出现与妊娠并发症相关的癫痫,并常使用抗癫痫药物(AED)来管理症状。然而,子宫中,AED暴露的安全性比较知之甚少。研究者旨在通过系统评价和贝叶斯随机效应网络Meta分析比较子宫中AED暴露的婴儿/儿童的先天畸形(CM)和产前结局风险。

方法:研究者对Medline、Embase、Cochrane CENTRAL进行了检索,截至2015年12月15日。两名审查者独立筛选了标题/摘要和全文文献,检索对象为比较单一或多重AED vs对照(无AED暴露)或其他AED的试验和观察性研究。然后,提取了数据,并评价了偏倚风险。首要结局为总体和具体类型(心脏畸形、尿道下裂、唇裂和/或腭裂、马蹄内翻足、腹股沟疝、隐睾)的主要CM的发生率。

结果:筛选了5305个标题和摘要后,642个相关全文文献、17个参考文献列表中的研究、96项研究符合要求(58461人)。所有主要CM中,与对照相比,许多AED都与较高的风险相关。对于主要CM,与对照相比,乙琥胺(OR,3.04;95% CI,1.23~7.07)、丙戊酸钠(2.93;2.36~3.69)、托吡酯(1.90;1.17~2.97)、苯巴比妥(1.83;1.35~2.47)、苯妥英(1.67;1.30~2.17)、卡马西平(1.37;1.10~1.71)和11个多药治疗与显著性更多的危害相关,但是,拉莫三嗪(0.96;0.72~1.25)和左乙拉西坦(0.72;0.43~1.16)并非如此。

结论:与对照相比,新一代AED拉莫三嗪和左乙拉西坦,与CM风险的显著增加不相关,与出现心脏畸形的儿童显著不可能相关。但是,这并不意味着子宫中暴露于两种药物对婴儿/儿童无害。当为育龄女性开具处方时,以及为考虑怀孕的女性继续开具这些药物处方前,建议咨询有关的致畸风险。可建议这些女性从多药治疗转换为单药治疗,但是,单药治疗的药物须具有较低风险,并且避免使用可造成CM的AED,如丙戊酸钠。然而,做该决策时,要与癫痫控制的需求相权衡。

多学科讨论记实

令人担心的是大多数AEDs引发子宫内暴露婴儿的异常或延迟身体发育风险。本研究的结果显示,重大和轻微CM结局之间,与对照相比,很多AEDs与更高CMs风险相关。2项或更多NMAs之间,与对照相比,与CMs和产前危害统计学显著相关的单药治疗是卡马西平(总体重大和轻微CMs)、氯巴占(产前生长阻滞、早产)、乙琥胺(总体重大CM、唇裂、畸形足)、加巴喷丁(心脏畸形、尿道下裂)、苯巴比妥(总体重大CM、产前生长阻滞、唇裂)、苯妥英(总体重大CM、唇裂、畸形足)、托吡酯(总体重大CM、联合妊娠丢失、产前生长阻滞、唇裂)和丙戊酸(总体重大和轻微CMs、联合妊娠丢失、尿道下裂、唇裂、畸形足)。其中,只有托吡酯和加巴喷丁是新一代AEDs。加巴喷丁在总体重大CM方面缺少到达统计学显著性的充分证据,总体畸形风险与对照组相当。此发现可能是由于纳入仅在出生时检测的重大畸形,这可能降低确定全部心脏畸形的可能性,尤其是儿童期(或成人期)检查出的心脏畸形。

本研究有一些局限性。首先,研究者未合并AEDs药物剂量的差异,因为此信息在纳入的研究中鲜少报告,尽管这些药物中已经观察到剂量应答相关性。第二个局限性是可及数据缺乏。第三,确定的观察性研究的报告的质量可能引入偏倚性。第四,尽管无不一致的证据,但治疗比较和大多数结局的质量评估的不同水平不平衡,可能影响NMA结果。此外,与每个网络纳入的研究数量相比,由于研究数量小,大多数NMAs的证据强度可能较低。

原始出处:

Veroniki AA, Cogo E, Rios P, et al.Comparative safety of anti-epileptic drugs during pregnancy: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of congenital malformations and prenatal outcomes.BMC Med. 2017 May 5;15(1):95. doi: 10.1186/s12916-017-0845-1.

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    2017-08-03 QQ25ed180f

    妊娠期间用药,特别注意安全~

    0

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    2017-08-03 137****9095

    henhao

    0

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