Radiology:对于胎盘植入的早期诊断,MRI可以做到的二三事。

2021-05-06 shaosai MedSci原创

在过去的几十年中,随着剖宫产数量增加,胎盘植入疾病(PAS)的发病率激增。

在过去的几十年中,随着剖宫产数量增加胎盘植入疾病(PAS)的发病率激增。对该病的准确产前诊断对治疗策略的制定至关重要可以使产妇进行适当的术前咨询、有计划的早产多学科护理以及进行相应的保守治疗选择改善患者预后。尽管彩色多普勒US仍是诊断PAS一线影像学检查手段,但与US相比,由于MRI可提供更大的成像视野强大图像再现性,为PAS的术前诊断和治疗策略制定提供更客观、更准确影像学手段。

多项研究表明,胎盘内血管系统的异常是PAS的重要MRI特征。正常胎盘胎儿血管进入胎盘后不久就变得难以察觉,但是在PAS中,与正常胎盘相比,这些血管更细长更宽分支少,绒毛膜组织稀疏。胎儿血管生成不良可能是造成PAS中异常胎盘内血管形态的原因。但是,腹部放射学会和欧洲泌尿生殖放射学会的共识声明并未将异常的胎盘内血管系统纳入PAS的推荐特征中

近日,发表在Radiology杂志的一项研究探讨了MRI描绘的胎盘内胎儿血管(IFV)与PAS围产期预后的关系,为临床提供了早期诊断PAS的影像学指标,为改善产妇及胎儿的预后提供了影像学支持。

本研究在2016年3月至2019年10月之间对160名疑似PAS的妊娠妇女进行了胎盘MRI检查。由两名经验丰富的泌尿生殖放射科医生对IFV的存在和最大直径进行了二级分析。计算相对风险度以检验IFV的存在与PAS侵袭深度之间的关系应用受试者工作特征分析评估IFV直径预测PAS、穿透性胎盘和围产期并发症的能力,并比较曲线下面积(AUC)与其他联合MRI指标(例如子宫肌层变薄 胎盘内T2高信号子宫膨出浆膜血管增生和宫外胎盘浸润迹象)预测PAS的能力。术中和组织病理学检查结果为参考标准。

本研究共纳入155名孕妇(平均年龄35岁±5[标准差];平均胎龄(32周±3)。155名孕妇中有126名(81%)被诊断为PAS(126名妇女中有68名[54%]为穿透性胎盘)。126例产妇中有30例(24%)在分娩时出现大量失血(>2000毫升)。126例PAS患者中109例(86%)MRI检测到IFVs68例穿透性胎盘患者中67例(98%)MRI检测到IFVs。当出现IFVs时,PAS的相对风险比为2.4 (95% CI: 1.6, 3.4; P < .001)穿透性胎盘的相对风险比为10 (95% CI: 1.5, 70.4; P < .001)

 

表1 MRI检测到的IFVs与术中或组织学结果围生期并发症的关系

 

表2 IFVs和其他MRI征象与胎盘浸润的存在和深度的关系。

 

表3 根据IFVs直径预测PAS、穿透性胎盘及不良围生期并发症的受试者工作特征分析。表中所示,IFVs大于等于2 mm与PAS相关(AUC, 0.81;95% CI: 0.67, 0.95; P= .04)。IFVs大于或等于3mm穿透性胎盘(AUC, 0.81;95% CI: 0.73, 0.89; P < .001)围生期并发症相关,包括大出血(AUC, 0.80;95% CI: 0.71, 0.89; P < .001)。

 

1 (a)ROC曲线显示,IFV征象与联合所有其他PAS MRI征象预测胎盘浸润的能力没有统计学差异(P = .53);(b)ROC曲线显示,联合PAS MRI征象(包括IFV征象)的模型在预测胎盘浸润上的曲线下面积增加(P = .009),该结果表明结合IFVs和其他MRI征象可提高MRI预测PAS的能力(AUC, 0.94 vs 0.89; P = .009)。

本研究表明,对于怀疑有胎盘植入疾病的孕妇来说,如果在胎盘深部存在一个或多个直径为2mm或更大的胎盘内胎儿血管是一个准确且独立的MRI预测胎盘浸润的指标;如果胎盘内胎儿血管直径大于或等于3mm,则高度提示穿透性胎盘的存在和复杂的围产过程的可能综上所述,结合胎盘内胎儿血管和其它征象显著提高了MRI预测PAS的能力,为临床提供了早期评估胎盘浸润的影像学手段。

Charis Bourgioti,Anastasia Evangelia Konstantinidou,Konstantina Zafeiropoulou,et al.Intraplacental Fetal Vessel Diameter May Help Predict for Placental Invasiveness in Pregnant Women at High Risk for Placenta Accreta Spectrum Disorders.DOI:10.1148/radiol.2020200273

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    2021-05-08 jiyangfei
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    2021-05-06 MedSciZeng

    #Radiology#点击进入话题查看更多相关文章 或评论时插入话题加入讨论

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