Trends Cogn Sci:探索神经精神障碍的动态功能连接生物标记物

2021-03-18 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

Lee等人的最新研究表明,由持续性实验性疼痛引起的动态功能连接模式可能是慢性疼痛的生物标记。这项研究阐明了转化神经科学中的关键主题:生物标志物的差异、生物标志物的多模态整合以及动态连接的功能相关性。

Lee等人的最新研究表明,由持续性实验性疼痛引起的动态功能连接模式可能是慢性疼痛的生物标记。这项研究阐明了转化神经科学中的关键主题:生物标志物的差异、生物标志物的多模态整合以及动态连接的功能相关性。

深入了解感知、认知和行为的大脑机制是认知科学的核心。很好的理解可以转化为对神经精神疾病的更好的理解、诊断和治疗。该转化过程中的关键步骤是正常和异常知觉、认知和情感状态的生物标记物的研究。因此,在认知科学和临床科学的交叉点上,寻找神经精神疾病的基于脑的生物标志物是一个关键的挑战。

近年来,神经影像学研究在开发慢性疼痛生物标志物方面取得了重大进展。有人提出功能磁共振成像活动的空间模式可以代表疼痛的生物标志物的基础。但是,这些模式仅在特定的实验条件下(即对健康的人类参与者施加持续几秒钟的实验性疼痛刺激时)与疼痛有关。这些实验条件与慢性疼痛的主要临床特征形成对比,慢性疼痛的特征是持续数月数年的疼痛,以及认知、情感和功能缺陷。因此,尽管有助于了解急性实验性疼痛的脑机制,但建立慢性疼痛生物标记物的先前方法的价值仍不清楚[3]。Lee等着手开发一种临床上有用的慢性疼痛生物标志物。他们通过将辣椒酱涂在健康人类参与者的舌头上,实现了持久疼痛的简单实验模型。基于fMRI的结果性持续性疼痛经历的功能连接分析产生了一种动态功能连接模式,称为持续性疼痛特征(ToPS),可预测持续性疼痛模型期间持续的疼痛等级。

有趣的是,当应用于患有慢性背痛的患者时,ToPS还能够预测慢性疼痛患者疼痛的强度。而且,它成功地区分了患者和健康参与者。因此,该研究代表了从基础科学动机的短暂实验性疼痛生物标志物到持久性慢性疼痛的生物标志物的发展过程中的一个里程碑。

这项研究阐明了转化神经科学的当前趋势和问题,这些趋势和问题超出了止痛研究和止痛医学的范围。首先,不仅一种功能不同的生物标志物,而且多种不同类型的生物标志物都可以应用于某种神经精神病学状态。例如,ToPS可以用于诊断和监测慢性疼痛,其他生物标志物可以发挥不同的功能。例如,对某种疾病的易感性评估,疾病亚型的定义或单个治疗反应的预测。后者的生物标志物功能可能不太明显,但在临床上至少同等重要。他们可能会提供无法从任何其他临床或生物学来源获得的独特的基于大脑的信息。例如,最近的一项研究提出了基于预测性脑电图(EEG)的抑郁症和创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)的生物标志物。该研究根据静息状态的脑电图记录定义了抑郁症和创伤后应激障碍患者的两种内表型。有趣的是,这些亚型在临床上无法区分,但可高度预测治疗成功。因此,具有不同功能的许多不同生物标志物在某种疾病中可能有用。生物标志物功能的缺乏差异可能导致了有关生物标志物及其临床价值的争论。因此,在研究和讨论生物标记时,必须考虑生物标记功能的多样性。

其次,该研究突出了生物标志物的特异性问题以及生物标志物多模式整合以增强特异性的潜力。尽管Lee等人结果表明,对于其他厌恶感(即苦味和厌恶气味),ToPS的预测性能明显差于疼痛,但生物标志物的特异性仍不清楚。从基础科学的角度来看,证明脑行为相关性的特异性是非常可取的,但是这也是一项固有的难题,需要针对其他条件进行大量测试。但是,从临床角度看,特异性不是有用性的前提。临床医生非常习惯于根据非特定信息做出决定。实际上,临床决策通常基于不同来源的非特异性信息(临床、影像学和实验室检查结果)的整合。这种信息的多模式整合可能在复杂的状态(例如慢性疼痛)中特别相关,这可能是伤害性、神经性和心理过程的可变组合的结果。因此,基于脑的生物标记物(例如ToPS)可能会与其他信息整合到复合生物标记物中,以增加其临床价值。

第三,该研究表明,对连通性进行评估可能有助对于理解和客观化复杂的正常和异常心理状态。特别是,该研究强调了从通过静息态功能连接探索大脑活动的空间模式到将动态连接作为包括疼痛在内的复杂心理状态的关键决定因素的过程。因此,评估功能连接的动态性是生物标记物研究中的一种新兴方法[10]。考虑如何在更多的参与者中确定此类连接性生物标志物时,我们可能不仅考虑基于功能磁共振成像的方法,而且考虑基于脑电图的连接性方法。这种基于EEG的方法将具有成本效益并且可以广泛使用。此外,它们允许评估现实情况中的精神状态,从而提高基于脑的生物标记物的生态有效性。

综上所述,对神经精神疾病的生物标志物的开发和讨论将受益于对它们的不同类型和功能的仔细考虑。而且,信息的多模态整合可能会增强生物标志物的临床价值。此外,动态功能连接似乎对于评估复杂的神经精神病学状态特别有用。Lee等人的研究在疼痛领域很好地举例说明了这些关键主题。最终还需要确定生物标记物在多大程度上可以充分评估一般和慢性疼痛中神经精神病学状态的复杂性和变异性。尽管需要进一步的基础研究来解决这个问题和相关问题,但这不应阻止转化科学已经探索了有前途的生物标志物候选物(例如ToPS)的临床实用性。

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  4. 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content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a343329413c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#功能连接#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=32941, encryptionId=a343329413c, topicName=功能连接)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTJciayulicXZn6VO5hXfUv98oceXTHpMayS6T4PrSPsgsN6Jt2kCyAo9tAQwf1jCiaw4y8lxZFBA5nJg/132, createdBy=5ddb5182578, createdName=showtest, createdTime=Sat Mar 20 12:30:20 CST 2021, time=2021-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=949506, encodeId=a10094950663, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200915/8992e68c2412469abc7a18df73e68f5e/fc42f87351744464838eaa8eb1c29e51.jpg, createdBy=94825377340, createdName=ms3000001277621032, createdTime=Fri Mar 19 15:28:18 CST 2021, time=2021-03-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-04-25 blueswang

    技术更新,日新月异。感觉自己力不从心那

    0

  5. 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createdBy=94825377340, createdName=ms3000001277621032, createdTime=Fri Mar 19 15:28:18 CST 2021, time=2021-03-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-03-25 freve
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    2021-03-19 ms3000001277621032

    学习了

    0

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