JAMA Intern Med:美国大规模血清学调查结果出炉,实际感染人数应高出6-24倍

2020-07-24 生物技术君 中国生物技术网

目前,根据美国约翰霍普金斯大学的实时数据显示,美国新冠肺炎确诊病例总数为394万例。但美国疾病控制和预防中心(CDC)的最新研究表明,实际感染总数应该高出6至24倍。

目前,根据美国约翰霍普金斯大学的实时数据显示,美国新冠肺炎确诊病例总数为394万例。但美国疾病控制和预防中心(CDC)的最新研究表明,实际感染总数应该高出6至24倍。


这项由CDC的研究人员和州卫生官员进行的研究,是同类研究中规模最大的一次抗体调查。该研究结果表明,即使考虑到在美国10个城市发现的这些隐性病例,许多城市也远远未达到群体免疫所需的抗体普及率。此外,研究人员还不确定人在被感染后抗体能保留多长时间,以及这对疾病的免疫力意味着什么。


该研究于北京时间7月22日发表在《JAMA Internal Medicine(美国医学会内科杂志)》上。


该研究负责人、CDC的研究员 Fiona Havers 说:“这些数据仍然在表明,感染新冠病毒的人数远远超过报告的病例数。其中许多人可能没有任何症状或只是轻微疾病,他们根本不知道自己被感染了。”


研究人员仍在努力了解新冠病毒。作者在《JAMA》上发表的一篇社论中指出,多达40%的病例被认为是无症状的,而由新冠病毒引起的症状可能是高度可变的。


为了更好地了解新冠疫情如何在全美范围内隐形传播,研究人员收集了超过16000人的血液样本。这些人是在3月至5月间在医院进行常规检查(如胆固醇检测)留下的。他们调查了美国康涅狄格州、路易斯安那州、明尼苏达州、密苏里州、纽约州、费城、加利福尼亚州、佛罗里达州、犹他州和华盛顿州的10个大城市。10个地点中有8个包括春季晚些时候取回的第二轮疫情的样本,可以追踪抗体阳性率随时间的变化。


研究显示,所有10个城市的血清阳性率数据与报告的病例数之间存在一定程度的差异,携带抗体的人群比例因地区而异。


例如,纽约市的抗体阳性率从3月底的6.9%跃升至5月份的23%以上,这与那段时间内病例的快速增长相吻合。后者的统计结果支持了该州早先进行的一项研究,该研究在4月份对超过15000人进行了检测,并在22.7%的参与者中发现了抗体。据报道,在纽约市,血清阳性率数据与报告病例之间的差异在第一轮抽样中相差了12倍,在5月初随着检测能力的提高而下降到了10倍。


纽约是唯一一个血清阳性率如此之高的地区。在其他地区,抗体阳性率为个位数。例如,在旧金山湾区,这一比例是1%,而其他地区在2%到6%之间。


抗体阳性率较低的地区有时与病例报告的差异最大。据报道,在抗体阳性率保持在3%左右的密苏里州,第一轮抽样发现的病例比报告的多24倍,而在5月底对该州进行第二轮抽样时,这个数字下降到了13倍。


综合起来,这些结果进一步充实了CDC主任罗伯特·雷德菲尔德(Robert Redfield)早先的一份报告,即病例被低估了高达10%。他们还表示,美国每天进行的70万次检测远不足以全面控制疫情。


目前这项研究的最大局限在于它依赖于旧数据。因为这些样本是在早春采集的,所以现在抗体阳性率和病例数的真实计数可能会更高。例如,佛罗里达州自那以后就出现了大量的病例,而这些病例并没有反映在这项研究的数据中。


此外,由于样本是“就地”收集的,作者在他们的社论中承认,该研究中包括的门诊和住院患者很可能不代表一般人群。


该研究团队继续否认群体免疫很快就能提供大规模保护的观点。尽管研究人员推测,随着越来越多的人从病毒中康复,可能会产生自然群体免疫力,但结果显示,大多数美国人仍然对新冠肺炎易感。即使是像纽约市这样的地区,也远远达不到群体免疫生效所需的60%到70%的门槛。


未参与这项研究的约翰霍普金斯大学健康安全中心的流行病学家Jennifer Nuzzo说:“我们中的大多数人可能仍对新冠病毒易感,要控制它还有很长的路要走。这项研究将平息任何进一步的争论,诸如‘我们应该允许这种病毒侵入我们的社区,以实现群体免疫’之类的言论。

原始出处:

Fiona P Havers 1, Carrie Reed 1, Travis Lim 1,et al.Seroprevalence of Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in 10 Sites in the United States, March 23-May 12, 2020.JAMA Intern Med. 2020 Jul 21. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.4130.

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  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2043418, encodeId=9842204341871, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=13304400293' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#大规模#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=44002, encryptionId=13304400293, topicName=大规模)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3fce464, createdName=ylz8403, createdTime=Thu Sep 24 16:51:05 CST 2020, time=2020-09-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1468984, encodeId=fb86146898490, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=52f089381e5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#血清学#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=89381, encryptionId=52f089381e5, topicName=血清学)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=43126964261, createdName=jjjiang0201, createdTime=Sun Jul 26 09:51:05 CST 2020, time=2020-07-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1537893, encodeId=be6c153e893da, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e3a39203226' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#调查结果#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=92032, encryptionId=e3a39203226, topicName=调查结果)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=904e12916305, createdName=zll0629, createdTime=Sun Jul 26 09:51:05 CST 2020, time=2020-07-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1610584, encodeId=48e216105847d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Sun Jul 26 09:51:05 CST 2020, time=2020-07-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=804492, encodeId=eeb4804492b7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=46ce580e865' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新冠肺炎#</a>全民感染难以避免, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58078, encryptionId=46ce580e865, topicName=新冠肺炎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220519/c2ab253484ee4527a2d4e9589a4821ac/45de9bf494a54becb2ea4369c9d11e85.jpg, createdBy=7a3710, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Sat Jul 25 11:01:24 CST 2020, time=2020-07-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1036181, encodeId=b275103618179, content=顶刊就是顶刊,谢谢梅斯带来这么高水平的研究报道,我们科里同事经常看梅斯,分享梅斯上的信息, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=旺医, createdTime=Fri Jul 24 21:51:05 CST 2020, time=2020-07-24, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-07-25 lovetcm

    #新冠肺炎#全民感染难以避免

    0

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    2020-07-24 旺医

    顶刊就是顶刊,谢谢梅斯带来这么高水平的研究报道,我们科里同事经常看梅斯,分享梅斯上的信息

    0

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