Science:肠道微生物组竟能代代相传

2018-10-29 佚名 细胞

在一项新的研究中,来自美国加州大学伯克利分校的研究人员发现定植在小鼠肠道中的细菌主要来自它们的母鼠,而且它们的肠道微生物组(microbiome)组成在多代中几乎保持不变。相关研究结果发表在2018年10月26日的Science期刊上,论文标题为“Transmission modes of the mammalian gut microbiota”。

在一项新的研究中,来自美国加州大学伯克利分校的研究人员发现定植在小鼠肠道中的细菌主要来自它们的母鼠,而且它们的肠道微生物组(microbiome)组成在多代中几乎保持不变。相关研究结果发表在2018年10月26日的Science期刊上,论文标题为“Transmission modes of the mammalian gut microbiota”。

之前的研究已表明哺乳动物的体表和体内存在着大量细菌,尤其是在肠道中。但是这些细菌的起源还没有得到清晰的理解。在这项新的研究中,这些研究人员发现的证据表明这些细菌中的绝大多数都来自母体肠道。

为了更多地了解小鼠肠道生物群落(biome),这些研究人员在美国亚利桑那州和加拿大的两个地方捕获了17只小鼠。他们随后在他们的实验室里为这些小鼠设置住处---来自其中的一个地方的小鼠与来自另一个地方的小鼠保持分开。他们允许这些小鼠交配并产生后代,在此之后,这些小鼠后代也被允许产生它们自己的后代。这持续了三年,产生了11代老鼠。在此过程中,他们采集了它们的肠道样品,并对这些肠道样品进行基因测试以便鉴定出存在于小鼠肠道中的细菌。

这些研究人员发现小鼠的肠道生物群落保持非常稳定---第11代小鼠的肠道生物群落几乎与第一代小鼠是一样的。他们提出这是肠道生物群落细菌进行代代相传的证据,这是垂直传播(vertical transmission)的一个例子。他们指出,在少数情况下,即新的细菌由未知的外部来源引入到小鼠肠道中,这些新的细菌类型往往会导致疾病。因此,他们提出在肠道中出现的有害细菌可能来自水平来源(horizontal source)。它还支持了一些理论,即哺乳动物及其肠道生物群落以一种导致共生的方式共同进化。他们最后提出,进化理论表明他们的发现可能也适用于人类。

原始出处:
Andrew H. Moeller1, Taichi A. Suzuki, Megan Phifer-Rixey.et al. Transmission modes of the mammalian gut microbiota. Science, 26 October 2018, 362(6413):453-457, doi:10.1126/science.aat7164.

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    2018-10-31 jichang
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