J immunol:miRNA提高肿瘤免疫疗法效率

2016-07-18 佚名 生物谷

过去几十年来,基于疫苗的免疫疗法在治疗癌症方面取得了长足的发展。然而,这类方法的抗癌效率却由于肿瘤的免疫耐受效应而变得十分有限。树突状细胞是天然免疫与后天免疫的桥梁,它对肿瘤免疫反应的启动一级调节都具有重要的作用。不幸的是,在肿瘤微环境中DC往往缺乏成熟的条件,而且功能也不完全,与之相随的还有Treg细胞的增殖以及常规T细胞的抑制。这些现象最终导致了肿瘤的免疫耐受以及免疫逃逸。因此,如何重新诱导肿

过去几十年来,基于疫苗的免疫疗法在治疗癌症方面取得了长足的发展。然而,这类方法的抗癌效率却由于肿瘤的免疫耐受效应而变得十分有限。树突状细胞是天然免疫与后天免疫的桥梁,它对肿瘤免疫反应的启动一级调节都具有重要的作用。不幸的是,在肿瘤微环境中DC往往缺乏成熟的条件,而且功能也不完全,与之相随的还有Treg细胞的增殖以及常规T细胞的抑制。这些现象最终导致了肿瘤的免疫耐受以及免疫逃逸。因此,如何重新诱导肿瘤相关DC在体内的功能是提高肿瘤免疫疗法效率的关键。

目前,TLR的一些配体物质已经被用于开发癌症疫苗以及DC相关的癌症免疫疗法。具体来讲,这些物质能够促进DC的成熟进而诱导下游T细胞的活化。然而,肿瘤相关DC的失活使得其对TLR配体物质的感受能力下降,这造成了癌症免疫疗法的阻碍。因此,如何提高肿瘤相关DC对TLR配体物质而灵敏度成为增强抗癌免疫反应的一大研究方向。

miRNA是一类短链的非编码RNA,它们参与了基因的翻译抑制以及mRNA的降解过程。以前的研究发现miRNA在代谢、细胞增殖、分化、细胞凋亡以及发育中具有重要的作用。miRNA的失调会引发多种机体的异常反应,包括癌症、心血管疾病、神经发育疾病以及肝脏疾病。特别地,研究表明miR-148/152能够通过调节钙调素依赖蛋白激酶IIa的活性来抑制DC中TLR的信号传递。另外,DNA的甲基化对于DC的发育与功能也具有同样重要的作用。

为了研究miRNA在调节DC响应TLR信号中的作用,来自中科院深圳先进技术研究院的Yifan Ma课题组进行了深入研究,相关结果发表在最近一期的《Journal of Immunology》杂志上。

首先,作者比较了普通DC与肿瘤相关DC中各类免疫因子的表达情况。结果显示:肿瘤相关DC中CD86、MHCII、B7-H1等蛋白的表达水平都有明显下降。与此相反,肿瘤相关DC中miR148a、miR148b以及miR152的表达量相比常规DC有明显提高。

进一步,作者发现肿瘤相关DC中DNA甲基转移酶1(DNMT1)的水平相比常规DC有60%的下降,而这一下降是由上述miRNA介导的基因表达抑制效应导致的。DNMT1的下调导致CD83、MHCII、IFN-B以及IL-12等免疫因子表达水平的降低,而且导致DC在感受TLR-3信号时的反应程度的下降。

最后,作者人为地抑制了miR-148a的活性,并使用poly(I:C)对肿瘤相关DC进行刺激。结果显示,miRNA活性的抑制能够使得DC对TLR配体刺激的灵敏度提高,并促进DC的成熟以及免疫因子的释放。

综上,作者认为针对miRNA的修饰能够有效提高肿瘤相关DC的成熟与活化水平,并提高肿瘤免疫疗法的效率。

原始出处

Lanlan Liu, Huqiang Yi, Ce Wang, Huamei He, Ping Li, Hong Pan, Nan Sheng, Manyi Ji, Lintao Cai and Yifan Ma.Integrated Nanovaccine with MicroRNA-148a Inhibition Reprograms Tumor-Associated Dendritic Cells by Modulating miR-148a/DNMT1/SOCS1 Axis.J immunol.2016

相关会议推荐:http://www.bioon.com/z/2016ncrna/



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    2016-08-10 明崖

    学习了,实用

    0

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    2017-02-27 smallant2002
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    2016-07-20 Homburg
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    2016-07-19 4546wk

    文章不错

    0

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