Advanced science:新策略对抗多重耐药菌

2020-05-19 中国科学报 中国科学报

在兽医临床中,大量不合理使用抗菌药物,导致了抗生素耐药性的产生、流行和传播。5 月 12 日,国际期刊《先进科学》在线发表了用二甲双胍对抗耐药细菌的新策略。

在兽医临床中,大量不合理使用抗菌药物,导致了抗生素耐药性的产生、流行和传播。5 月 12 日,国际期刊《先进科学》在线发表了用二甲双胍对抗耐药细菌的新策略。

论文通讯作者、扬州大学兽医学院教授王志强带领的团队发现,降糖药二甲双胍可以有效恢复四环素类抗生素对多种多重耐药细菌的敏感性,为治疗耐药细菌引起的感染性疾病提供了全新策略。

“超级细菌” 急需新对策

多重耐药细菌的产生、流行和传播给公共安全和畜禽养殖业的健康发展造成了巨大威胁。据估计,如果不加以控制的话,到 2050 年耐药细菌每年将夺取 1000 万人的生命,超过每年死于癌症的 820 万人。

王志强告诉《中国科学报》,目前临床中重要的致病菌包括耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌、耐万古霉素肠球菌、耐碳青霉烯类抗生素和多粘菌素的肠杆菌。

2016 年,科学家在猪源大肠杆菌中发现介导多粘菌素耐药的可转移耐药基因;2019 年发现动物源细菌质粒携带的新型耐药基因可以介导高水平的替加环素耐药性。

这些多重耐药细菌的出现给动物疾病的治疗以及畜禽养殖业的健康发展造成了极大挑战。

王志强说,四环素类是一类广泛应用于兽医临床的广谱抗生素。相较于其他抗生素,它具有抗菌谱广、口服利用度好、毒副作用小且价格低廉等诸多优点。根据中国兽医药品监察所公布的数据,四环素类抗生素是目前我国兽用抗菌药物中使用量最大的抗生素,约占 45.90%。

然而,临床中发现,细菌对四环素类抗生素的耐药性非常普遍,耐药率甚至超过了 80%。论文共同通讯作者朱奎在接受《中国科学报》采访时说,外排泵被发现是导致细菌对四环素类抗生素耐药的主要原因之一。作为兽医临床上极其重要的一类抗生素,恢复和延长四环素类抗生素的使用寿命具有非常重要的临床意义和应用价值。

兽医临床治疗中迫切需要新型抗菌策略,从而应对日益严重的抗生素耐药性。

逆转细菌对四环素的耐药性

论文第一作者刘源告诉《中国科学报》,他们用动物源耐药大肠杆菌构建细胞模型,对 158 种药物进行筛选后首次发现,二甲双胍可以有效增强四环素类抗生素,尤其是多西环素和米诺环素对耐药大肠杆菌的抗菌活性。

对其他多重耐药的临床重要致病菌,包括耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌、耐万古霉素肠球菌、耐碳青霉烯类抗生素和多粘菌素的肠杆菌,二甲双胍和多西环素的联合使用同样具有很好的协同抗菌活性。

进一步的机制研究表明,二甲双胍会破坏细菌质膜的膜电位,进而影响细菌的质子驱动力和外排泵功能。该机制促进四环素抗生素在胞内累积,进而恢复其抗菌活性。

此外,他们还发现,二甲双胍可以增强免疫反应和缓解革兰氏阴性细菌脂多糖诱导的炎症反应。

“这些功能共同发挥作用,有效恢复了四环素抗生素对多重耐药细菌的抗菌活性。” 王志强说,在三种动物感染模型中,二甲双胍和多西环素的联合应用有效提高了小鼠的存活率,并降低了小鼠大腿肌肉的细菌载量。

原始出处:

Yuan Liu Yuqian Jia Kangni Yang, et al. Metformin Restores Tetracyclines Susceptibility against Multidrug Resistant Bacteria. Advanced science, 2020.

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