NEJM:大部分患者更适合机械瓣膜,而不是生物瓣膜

2017-12-03 杨中华 脑血管病及重症文献导读

在美国主动脉瓣或二尖瓣病影响了2.5%的人口,瓣膜置换延长了严重疾病患者的生存时间。人工瓣膜分为机械瓣或生物瓣,每一种瓣膜都有自己的风险和获益。由于结构性瓣膜退化,生物瓣膜比机械瓣膜再手术风险更高;但是机械瓣膜往往需要终生抗凝,这会增加出血和血栓栓塞风险。


在美国主动脉瓣或二尖瓣病影响了2.5%的人口,瓣膜置换延长了严重疾病患者的生存时间。人工瓣膜分为机械瓣或生物瓣,每一种瓣膜都有自己的风险和获益。由于结构性瓣膜退化,生物瓣膜比机械瓣膜再手术风险更高;但是机械瓣膜往往需要终生抗凝,这会增加出血和血栓栓塞风险。

临床指南并未对主动脉瓣和二尖瓣人工瓣膜进行区别对待,机械瓣膜推荐用于年龄小于50岁的患者,生物瓣膜荐用于年龄大于70岁的患者,年龄介于50-70岁者两种瓣膜皆可以选择。不过,指南的证据来自于不充分的证据,来自于现在已经不采用瓣膜(30年前采用的瓣膜)的随机试验。最近的观察性研究显示对于年龄介于50-69岁的患者,不管瓣膜的类型或瓣膜放置的位置,其死亡率是相同的。这些结果支持年轻人更应该使用生物瓣们,但是这些研究未能发现死亡率的差异。

2017年11月来自斯坦福大学的Andrew B. Goldstone等在NEJM上公布了他们的回顾性队列研究结果,比较了主动脉瓣和二尖瓣置换术采用机械瓣膜和生物瓣膜的长期获益和风险。

该研究的数据来自于加利福尼亚1996年到2013年间的数据,患者皆首次进行了主动脉瓣或二尖瓣置换手术,采用了机械瓣膜或生物瓣膜。观察指标为长期死亡率,再手术率,卒中和出血。

从1996年到2013年,无论主动脉瓣还是二尖瓣置换术,生物瓣膜的使用率明显增加;主动脉瓣置换术采用生物瓣膜的比率从11.5%增加到51.6%,二尖瓣置换术从16.8%增加到53.7%。在进行了主动脉瓣置换术的患者中,(与采用机械瓣膜相比)年龄介于45-54岁者采用生物瓣膜与更高的15年死亡率有关(30.6% vs. 26.4% at 15 years; HR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.48; P = 0.03),年龄介于55-64岁者未见到这种关系。在进行了二尖瓣置换术的患者中,(与采用机械瓣膜相比)年龄介于40-49岁者采用生物瓣膜与更高的死亡率有关(44.1% vs. 27.1%; HR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.35 to 2.63; P<0.001),年龄介于50-69岁者也见到这种关系(50.0% vs. 45.3%; HR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.30; P = 0.01)。采用生物瓣膜者再手术率明显高于采用机械瓣膜者。采用机械瓣膜者发生出血(在一些年龄组)、卒中累积发生率高于采用生物瓣膜者。

最终作者认为与生物瓣膜相比,机械瓣膜与长期死亡获益(也就是较低的死亡率)有关;对于二尖瓣置换术的患者这种关系一直持续到70岁,对于主动脉瓣置换术的患者这种关系一直持续到55岁。

原始出处:

Goldstone AB1, Chiu P1, Baiocchi M,et al.Mechanical or Biologic Prostheses for Aortic-Valve and Mitral-Valve Replacement.N Engl J Med. 2017 Nov 9;377(19):1847-1857. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1613792.

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    2018-05-13 1e145228m78(暂无匿称)

    学习了.谢谢作者分享!

    0

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createdName=马建中, createdTime=Mon Dec 04 14:47:14 CST 2017, time=2017-12-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=266661, encodeId=cd0a266661e9, content=谢谢分享.谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM4o2XVpJ6449yqDsjibydI5HnJ8MibGxNn4HZiaZib0bdfibbwoz3KQrIyN9AGxq36ZlZRNicYlPfOOWMtwgsajY6mGNFiaPclFdowjD0/0, createdBy=97bd1338592, createdName=清风拂面, createdTime=Mon Dec 04 07:36:26 CST 2017, time=2017-12-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=266656, encodeId=1b2f26665676, content=谢谢分享.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM4o2XVpJ6449yqDsjibydI5HnJ8MibGxNn4HZiaZib0bdfibbwoz3KQrIyN9AGxq36ZlZRNicYlPfOOWMtwgsajY6mGNFiaPclFdowjD0/0, createdBy=97bd1338592, createdName=清风拂面, createdTime=Mon Dec 04 07:35:26 CST 2017, time=2017-12-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=266640, encodeId=79762666407b, content=学习.谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/aLGWoFXAyMbIu3qymFOyhb9xDeHojCicsdRdyC3XXdGk2ib9yLypZuHN06WeW4HO8WN0GGrgEfvnTX8gsckof05GHOU5OM4Mvx/0, createdBy=9cee1982656, createdName=执着追梦, createdTime=Mon Dec 04 06:57:08 CST 2017, time=2017-12-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-07-29 chg121
  4. 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    2017-12-04 马建中

    谢谢分享学习了

    0

  8. 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    2017-12-04 清风拂面

    谢谢分享.谢谢

    0

  9. 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createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM4o2XVpJ6449yqDsjibydI5HnJ8MibGxNn4HZiaZib0bdfibbwoz3KQrIyN9AGxq36ZlZRNicYlPfOOWMtwgsajY6mGNFiaPclFdowjD0/0, createdBy=97bd1338592, createdName=清风拂面, createdTime=Mon Dec 04 07:35:26 CST 2017, time=2017-12-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=266640, encodeId=79762666407b, content=学习.谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/aLGWoFXAyMbIu3qymFOyhb9xDeHojCicsdRdyC3XXdGk2ib9yLypZuHN06WeW4HO8WN0GGrgEfvnTX8gsckof05GHOU5OM4Mvx/0, createdBy=9cee1982656, createdName=执着追梦, createdTime=Mon Dec 04 06:57:08 CST 2017, time=2017-12-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-12-04 清风拂面

    谢谢分享.学习了

    0

  10. 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    2017-12-04 执着追梦

    学习.谢谢分享

    0

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