空气净化器不要紧墙放!卫健委印发霾污染防护指南:有心肺疾病患者为高危人群

2019-12-11 中国循环杂志 中国循环杂志

国家卫生健康委办公厅最新公布了《空气污染(霾)人群健康防护指南》,其中提出老幼孕等敏感人群、慢性病患者以及长期户外作业人员为霾污染防护的三类重点人群,并建议中小学、幼儿园配置空气净化器。指南称,空气净化器不要紧靠墙壁或家具摆放,与墙之间要留有一定距离,保证机器进出风流畅和净化效果。指南提出,霾污染对健康的直接影响以刺激症状和急性效应为主,主要表现:眼和咽喉部刺激、咳嗽、呼吸困难、鼻塞流鼻涕、皮疹等

国家卫生健康委办公厅最新公布了《空气污染(霾)人群健康防护指南》,其中提出老幼孕等敏感人群、慢性病患者以及长期户外作业人员为霾污染防护的三类重点人群,并建议中小学、幼儿园配置空气净化器。

指南称,空气净化器不要紧靠墙壁或家具摆放,与墙之间要留有一定距离,保证机器进出风流畅和净化效果。

指南提出,霾污染对健康的直接影响以刺激症状和急性效应为主,主要表现:眼和咽喉部刺激、咳嗽、呼吸困难、鼻塞流鼻涕、皮疹等,上呼吸道感染、哮喘、结膜炎、支气管炎等疾病的症状增强,部分呼吸系统和心血管系统疾病的发病率、就诊率、入院率增高等。

同时,霾的出现还会减弱紫外线的辐射,影响人体维生素D合成,导致小儿佝偻病高发,并使空气中传染性病菌的活性增强。霾还会影响人们的心理健康,使人产生压抑、悲观等不良情绪等。

霾污染防护重点人群有三类

指南称,霾污染防护的重点人群主要有三类:

第一类为儿童、老人、孕妇等敏感人群;

第二类为心肺疾病患者,如患有冠心病、心力衰竭、哮喘或慢性阻塞性肺疾病的病人;

第三类为长期在户外作业的人员,如交警、环卫工人、建筑工人等。

霾污染重点人群要掌握相应的防护措施和技能

国家卫健委强调,公众个体作为自身健康的第一责任人,需要切实加强自我健康防护,学习防霾知识,掌握防霾技能,正确使用防霾工具,减少自身暴露,维护自身健康。

尤其是霾污染重点人群,更要掌握相应的防护措施和技能。

比如,轻度霾天气时,儿童、老人、孕妇及心肺疾病患者等应当减少外出及户外运动,多在室内运动或调整锻炼时间,尽量避免霾污染高峰时段外出锻炼;中度霾天气时,儿童、老人、孕妇及心肺疾病患者等应当避免外出及户外运动;

重度霾天气时:儿童、老人、孕妇及心肺疾病患者等应当留在室内;重点人群必须外出时,应当佩戴配有呼吸阀的防护口罩,佩戴口罩前应当向专业医师咨询确认;户外作业人员要佩戴具有防霾功能的口罩。回到家中要及时更换衣物、清洗面部、鼻腔及裸露的皮肤。

指南还建议,公共场所应禁烟。

重点人群应当佩戴配有呼吸阀的防护口罩

合理选择口罩。建议选择符合国家标准(GB/T 32610-2016)的口罩,或标有KN95/N95、FFP2及其以上标准的口罩。

综合考虑使用者的脸型和舒适性等因素选用气密性较好的口罩。

儿童、老人、孕妇及心肺疾病患者等重点人群应当佩戴配有呼吸阀的防护口罩,佩戴口罩前应当向专业医师咨询确认。

尽量少烧煤、少开车、不烧烤

指南还提出,室内人员较多的公共场所,应当根据空气污染程度适时通风换气,并补充过滤去除细颗粒物的新风。

幼儿园、中小学校、办公室、室内健身场所等室内场所,建议配置空气净化器,尽量降低PM2.5浓度;有条件时,可采用新风装置引入新鲜空气,防止二氧化碳浓度过高。重度霾天气时,幼儿园、学校应当暂停室外集体活动并尽量避免室内运动。

国家卫健委建议,公众个体作为霾污染排放的相关人,要从自我做起,积极参与室外大气质量改善行动,特别是霾污染严重时,自身要减少空气霾污染的源头排放,尽量少烧煤、少开车、不烧烤等行为,坚持有益于健康的生活行为方式。

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    2020-07-07 aids222
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    2019-12-18 wxl882001

    了解一下

    0

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