J Clin Hypertens:阜外医院蒋雄京等18年2906例患者分析:动脉粥样硬化已成肾动脉狭窄主要病因

2018-07-30 卢芳 中国循环杂志

肾动脉狭窄常常“假装”是高血压,对肾脏和心脑血管造成严重危害。是什么原因导致国人肾动脉狭窄?20年前和如今病因有何变迁?

肾动脉狭窄常常“假装”是高血压,对肾脏和心脑血管造成严重危害。是什么原因导致国人肾动脉狭窄?20年前和如今病因有何变迁?

阜外医院蒋雄京团队通过分析该中心18年2906例患者的资料回答了上述问题。据悉,这项研究也是当前该领域样本量最大的研究了。

他们发现,18年来,导致肾动脉狭窄主要的还是“老三样”:肾动脉粥样硬化、多发性大动脉炎、肾动脉纤维肌性发育不良,分别占比82.4%、11.9%和4.3%,余者1.4%为其他病因,如血栓形成、解剖异常等;但这“老三样”18年来占比变迁却较大。

研究显示,肾动脉粥样硬化引起的肾动脉狭窄,从1999-2000年的50%逐渐增加到2015-2016年的85%;多发性大动脉炎在整体病因占比逐步降低,从31%降低到10%;而纤维肌性发育不良占比变化不是很大,波动在2.9%~6.5%。


注:AS:动脉粥样硬化;TA:多发性大动脉炎;FMD:纤维肌性发育不良

图1 1999-2016年阜外医院收治的肾动脉狭窄患者病因变化趋势

而且这三种病因的变化趋势,在肾动脉狭窄患者中,不论≤40岁还是>40岁,不论男或女,均是如此。病因为动脉粥样硬化的患者,更老,肾功能更差,体重指数更大,舒张压更低。

具体到不同年龄患者组,>40岁者,动脉粥样硬化病因占比从早期的70%渐增到近些年的97%,而多发大动脉炎则从25%跌落到1%。

≤40岁者,早期多发性大动脉炎和纤维肌性发育不良是其主要病因,但随时间转移动脉粥样硬化所致渐增占比达10%,男性尤为显着。

研究者指出,对于≤40岁的男性肾动脉狭窄患者,不能忽视动脉粥样硬化,尤其是那些吸烟、有高血压高血脂以及其他动脉硬化相关危险因素者。


图2 1999-2016年阜外医院收治的男性肾动脉狭窄患者病因变化趋势

≤40岁女性患者则18年来病因变化不大,还是主打多发性大动脉炎。但在>40岁的女性,动脉粥样硬化这一病因逐增。


图3 1999-2016年阜外医院收治的女性肾动脉狭窄患者病因变化趋势

国内其他研究也显示,动脉粥样硬化已成为国人肾动脉狭窄的主要病因了。研究者指出,这种病因变迁或与国人生活方式变化、人口老龄化进程以及血管造影的广泛应用相关。

至于多发性大动脉炎这种病因逐渐减少的原因,研究者认为,是近些年来诊断技术快速发展,使得多发性大动脉炎尽早得以改善,不像过去医疗条件差拖到晚期。

与西方国家肾动脉狭窄病因相比,有相同有相异。

相关研究显示,在上世纪80年代左右,动脉粥样硬化就是西方国家肾动脉狭窄的主要病因,其次是纤维肌性发育不良,但随着时间的推移,动脉粥样硬化这一病因占比逐增,到本世纪始约为90%。

这项研究分析了1999-01至2016-12在阜外医院确诊的2905例肾动脉狭窄患者,37.8%是女性。肾动脉狭窄通过血管造影确诊。

原始出处:Xiong HL1, Peng M2, Jiang XJ1, et al. Time trends regarding the etiology of renal artery stenosis: 18 years' experience from the China Center for Cardiovascular Disease. J Clin Hypertens(Greenwich). 2018; 1–8.

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    2019-02-27 仁医06
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    2019-05-27 feather89
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