JAMA Netw Open:十六年大数据严重警告!肥胖携癌症一起年轻化!“中年危机”来了?

2019-09-06 ruthy 转化医学网

导 读:近年来,肥胖群体逐年壮大且日益年轻化。同时,恶性肿瘤的发生率、死亡率也一直不断增长。越来越多研究指出肥胖是促进肿瘤发生和发展的重要因素之一,给社会医疗增添了沉重的负担。因此,确定肥胖和肿瘤发生趋势间的联系至关重要。

导 读:近年来,肥胖群体逐年壮大且日益年轻化。同时,恶性肿瘤的发生率、死亡率也一直不断增长。越来越多研究指出肥胖是促进肿瘤发生和发展的重要因素之一,给社会医疗增添了沉重的负担。因此,确定肥胖和肿瘤发生趋势间的联系至关重要。

近日,Case Western Reserve大学和Case综合癌症中心的研究人员分析了2000-2016年美国全国疾病发生率数据,发现肥胖相关癌症(OACs)随着肥胖的年轻化,其发病年龄也逐渐降低!这些癌症已经不仅仅是65岁以上老年人的专利了,“中年危机”真的来临了。

OACs——日益显露的威胁

根据实验研究以及流行病学统计显示,与肥胖具有显着相关性的肿瘤中包含多种实体癌症,如乳腺癌、肝癌、胆囊癌、肾癌等。

近期,国际癌症研究机构(IARC)发布的癌症和体重研究结果显示,在欧美、中亚女性中,OACs占了癌症总数的9%,至少13种癌症与超重有关。在癌症相关的环境因素中,饮食和肥胖占据了最大的比例,达到30%-35%。这些数据都说明OACs是人类健康与公共卫生日益显露的一大威胁。

进一步的机制研究指出,肥胖可引起雌激素过量分泌,从而增加了女性患乳腺癌和子宫内膜癌的风险,而胰岛素分泌增加引发的高胰岛素血症在恶性肿瘤的发生、发展中发挥着重要作用。其次,脂肪细胞产生的一些激素可引发细胞过度增殖,而细胞增殖紊乱是多种癌症的罪魁祸首。

另外,肥胖往往伴随着慢性炎症,脂肪细胞本身又可充当肿瘤免疫逃逸的保护伞,这也是恶性肿瘤的重要威胁。换言之,OACs的防治容不得一丝懈怠。虽然OACs的发病率在20-74岁范围内一直在增加,但人们在年龄、种族和性别特征层面上对癌症的变化知之甚少。

OACs年轻化——“中年危机”来了

研究人员分析了2000-2016年间包括直肠癌、乳腺癌、子宫内膜癌、卵巢癌、胆囊和其他胆管癌、食管癌、癌、肝和肝内胆管癌、胰腺癌、肾癌、甲状腺癌和多发性骨髓瘤在内的OACs,与包括肺癌、黑素瘤和脑癌在内的非OACs的全国发生率数据,按癌症的特定类型分列了病例数、年龄、性别和种族分层。结果显示,特定类型的OAC在一些人群中显着升高,且各组之间的对比非常惊人。

他们发现OACs的主要发病年龄向≤64岁的人群移动,其中50-64岁年龄段的人群受影响最为严重!在非西班牙裔白人女性中,50-64岁的人群的OACs总数增加了25%,西班牙裔男性增加了近60%,而在所有该年龄段的患者中,肾癌增加超过200%!其中许多变化以OACs绝对数量的增加来体现,而65岁以上人群的OACs诊断百分比却一定程度下降。

也就是说,中年人的癌症负担显着增加,而老年人癌症负担却不似预测的结果那么令人焦虑。也许,真正的“中年危机”真的要来了。

这项研究可作为OACs相关公共卫生资源重新分配的重要参考,也许未来对50-64岁人群的医疗保险和医疗补助负担将会日益严峻。既然OACs负担已经转移到年轻群体,这就需要采取干预措施来减少肥胖并实施个性化的筛查计划,才能真正降低OACs的不良影响。

参考文献:

Siran M. Koroukian,et al.Changes in Age Distribution of Obesity-Associated Cancers.JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(8):e199261.

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    2020-07-24 仁心济世
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    2020-08-11 canlab
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    2019-09-07 qingfengqishi5

    学习了,学习了

    0

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    2019-09-06 qingfengqishi5

    学习了,学习了

    0

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Brit J Cancer:中年体重增加是肥胖相关癌症的危险因素!

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