JNNP:丘脑神经刺激改善特发性全身性癫痫发作控制

2022-03-10 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

这个数字的五分之一大约是在美国,有100万癫痫患者被诊断为特发性全身性癫痫(IGE)。其中约10%–40%的患者从未通过药物获得足够的癫痫控制,

这个数字的五分之一大约是在美国,有100万癫痫患者被诊断为特发性全身性癫痫(IGE)。其中约10%–40%的患者从未通过药物获得足够的癫痫控制,全身强直阵挛(GTC)发作和肌阵挛发作类型增加了耐药性的风险,对生活质量和健康造成重大不利影响。与局灶性癫痫不同,IGE患者不适合手术切除和潜在治愈。脑刺激是一种外科治疗方法,有望减轻药物难治性IGE患者的癫痫发作负担。

与传统的DBS相比,闭环脑刺激使用可编程的检测和刺激来根据患者的个体神经生理学定制治疗,并已证明局灶性癫痫发作的频率和严重程度的降低优于DBS或迷走神经刺激(VNS)。 NeuroPace RNS系统(RNS)是唯一的闭环设备美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)批准用于局灶性癫痫患者。之前的病例报告显示,一名在CM区接受RNS治疗的IGE患者在18个月时癫痫发作频率和严重程度显著降低。在这里,介绍了在一个中心接受CM-RNS治疗的四名IGE患者的最初系列的2年结果本文发表在《神经病学,神经外科学和精神病学杂志》上().

受试者患有抗药性癫痫(普遍诊断为IGE),并根据多学科癫痫外科会议的建议进行了丘脑RNS植入。受试者通过机构审查委员会(IRB)批准的癫痫手术数据库进行回顾性研究,他们同意纳入该数据库。根据多学科癫痫团队的专家意见,植入RNS治疗泛发性癫痫不需要IRB审查,目的是为这些耐药患者提供减少癫痫发作的最佳潜在治疗选择。在全身麻醉下,接触深度导线的接触长度为2.0 毫米,接触间隔为3.5毫米 使用机器人立体定向辅助(ROSA,Zimmer Biomet)植入。将患者仰卧放置于经额入路点,使用牢固连接在机器人底盘上的Leksel立体定向框架进行头部固定,并通过在术前基于CT的Leksell框架三维模型上选择点进行共同登记。植入后,RNS被设置为在无刺激的情况下记录颅内EEG(iEEG)。

患者植入位置与脑电记录

患者经历了发作持续时间和严重程度降低(Engel 1B、IC、IIA和IIIA级),生活质量显著改善。经过至少2年的治疗,结果是持久的。在连续的编程阶段,所有患者的检测准确率总体上从平均96.5%下降到88.3%。大多数用于传递刺激的电极位于CM(7/10),其次是后背腹外侧(2/2)、后腹后外侧(3/4)和后腹外侧(2/3)。在所有患者中,刺激在0.2到2.0 mA之间变化,振幅仅在连续时间内增加。颅内脑电图记录的原始百分比为24.8%、1.2%、7.6%和8.8%。

癫痫发作趋势

植入了第一批接受闭环丘脑刺激的IGE患者,并评估了超过2年的癫痫发作结果 多年的治疗。CM-RNS通过降低癫痫发作频率和严重程度,在该队列中的所有患者中产生了强大而持久的治疗反应,从而使生活质量得到明显改善。四名之前患有顽固性癫痫的患者中,有两名获得了驾驶执照,能够维持全职工作和长期关系。这些结果在两年多的时间里具有重大的前景 。

对CM区进行闭环刺激可能会显著改善抗药性IGE患者的癫痫发作控制和生活质量。最佳检测和刺激位置及参数仍然是一个热点研究领域。 

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    2022-10-14 siiner
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    2022-03-06 xlwang2696
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    2022-03-06 xlwang2696

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近日,有研究人员研究癫痫类型和癫痫发作部位,以及ASM方案和浓度对妊娠和产后癫痫发作频率的影响。与全身性癫痫患者相比,患有局灶性癫痫的女性在怀孕期间癫痫发作恶化的可能性更高,且额叶癫痫的风险尤其高。

Neurology:癫痫儿童语言神经网络存在静息状态功能连接性(FC)差异,适应、补偿形式反映神经网络可塑性

近日,有学者对比了典型发育期儿童(TD)和癫痫儿童的语言静息状态功能连接性(RS fMRI;FC),发现基于疾病、癫痫灶位置和生长发育中的FC差异,表明FC以适应和补偿的形式反映了神经网络的可塑性。

拓展阅读

【热点解读分享】儿童癫痫急性发作院外管理的最佳证据总结

本研究总结了儿童癫痫急性发作院外管理的最佳证据,可为本土化儿童院外惊厥急性发作行动计划制定提供参考,为医护人员开展儿童癫痫急性发作院外管理健康教育提供循证依据。

JAMA子刊:患有癫痫的母亲在妊娠期间使用抗癫痫药物,会不会提高其后代发生癫痫的风险?

孕期母亲使用ASM可能不会增加儿童的癫痫风险,超出与母亲癫痫本身相关的风险。这些发现对于需要在孕期接受ASM治疗的女性来说是令人放心的。

Cell Discov:再添好处!复旦大学赵世民团队发现生酮饮食可以减轻/减少癫痫发作

该研究报告了KD产生的β-羟基丁酸(BHB)通过增加脑γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)和GABA/谷氨酸比值以抑制癫痫。

Neurology病例:见于视觉障碍儿童的针状枕部棘波

我们报道1例患有双侧视神经发育不良和皮质视觉障碍的8岁男孩,伴ASTN1(OMIM#600904)突变。出于筛查目的行脑电图检查,本身没有癫痫发作/癫痫病史。脑电图可见缺乏后头部优势节律(poster

BMJ Neurology:儿科急性癫痫发作患者的临床特征和预后: 坦桑尼亚一家三级医院城市急诊科的前瞻性队列研究 

本研究结果显示儿童癫痫发作的发生率高于高收入国家和其他低收入和中等收入国家的报告。病情敏感度高,死亡率为16.7% 。发热、精神状态改变、缺氧、钾水平异常和脑膜炎诊断与死亡风险较高有关。

抗LGI1相关脑炎:面臂肌张力障碍发作 (FBDS)

面臂肌张力障碍发作是新近描述的癫痫类型,被认为与 LGI1 抗体介导的边缘性脑炎有关,LGI1 与脑的电压门控钾离子通道复合体有关。