CRC:睾酮、认知功能减退与老年男性痴呆的关系

2022-06-15 从医路漫漫 MedSci原创

在老年男性中,循环睾酮下降、认知功能受损和痴呆诊断增加的共同作用是令人感兴趣的,原因有很多。由于20世纪预期寿命的增加,世界范围内的人口结构正在成熟,社区中成年人的比例将越来越大。

背景:随着男性年龄的增长,循环中的总睾酮浓度通常会下降,而内科并发症则变得更加普遍。相比之下,性激素结合球蛋白(SHBG)的浓度随着年龄的增长而增加。性激素结合球蛋白是血液循环中睾酮和其他性类固醇的主要载体蛋白。在大多数中年男性中,总睾酮浓度的下降在很大程度上反映了肥胖和健康状况不佳对下丘脑-垂体-睾丸(HPT)轴活动的影响。在一组年龄在40-69岁的健康男性中,尽管SHBG升高,CFT下降,但总的睾酮浓度随着时间的推移是稳定的,这一发现支持了这一点。然而,在老年男性中,总睾酮浓度下降与黄体生成素(LH)浓度上升同步,这表明间质细胞功能进行性损害。游离睾酮,循环中不与SHBG或白蛋白结合的部分,通常根据总睾酮和SHBG计算。计算的游离睾酮(CFT)的纵向下降往往比总睾酮的相应变化更陡峭,反映了SHBG的年龄相关增加。老年男性中较低的睾酮浓度与一系列较差的健康结果有关,包括心血管事件和死亡率。已经假设与痴呆症风险有类似的关联,但仍在争论中。如果因果关系能够得到证实,那么睾酮可能会被用作预防或治疗干预措施。

在老年男性中,循环睾酮下降、认知功能受损和痴呆诊断增加的共同作用是令人感兴趣的,原因有很多。由于20世纪预期寿命的增加,世界范围内的人口结构正在成熟,社区中成年人的比例将越来越大。年龄是认知能力下降和痴呆症发病率的一个强大但不可逆的风险因素,尽管这些不是衰老的必然结果。认知功能的退化会影响记忆、思维、定向、理解、计算、学习能力、语言和判断等多个领域。这可能与情绪、情绪控制、行为或动机的变化以及对社会功能和自我护理的影响有关。风险因素包括教育程度低、吸烟、肥胖、过量饮酒、创伤性脑损伤、高血压、听力障碍、抑郁、空气污染、缺乏运动、糖尿病和社会接触少,现在提倡预防策略。即便如此,全球仍有5000万人患有痴呆症,每年有近1000万新增病例[19]。阿尔茨海默病导致的痴呆是最常见的痴呆形式,占病例的60-70%。这种类型的痴呆症的特点是起病隐匿,以记忆障碍为首发症状。

一些研究发现女性中阿尔茨海默病的患病率较高,这引起了人们对性激素调节这种风险的可能作用的兴趣。对死亡前接受认知测试仔细检查的人群进行的基于人群的调查清楚地表明,在由阿尔茨海默病引起的痴呆中发现的最常见的神经病理学变化是混合病理学,通常是阿尔茨海默神经病理学、血管病理学、年龄相关的焦油DNA结合蛋白TDP-43脑病和路易体病理学的组合。最近的观察表明,常见临床类型痴呆的病理机制更多,包括与β-淀粉样蛋白存在相关的胶质纤维酸性蛋白和磷酸化tau 231蛋白。阿尔茨海默病病理学涉及β-淀粉样蛋白斑块的神经元外沉积和中枢神经系统内过度磷酸化tau蛋白的神经原纤维缠结的神经元内发育。早期疾病的生物标志物包括血浆神经丝轻链,它也与几种原因引起的神经变性有关,包括阿尔茨海默病。旨在改善神经认知功能或减缓其衰退的治疗通常表现出有限的疗效。最近,减少β-淀粉样蛋白积聚的干预措施引起了相当大的关注,然而,临床益处尚未得到最终证实。针对两种或两种以上这些病理的激素治疗可能在预防常见的年龄相关性痴呆中具有特殊作用。因此,较低的睾酮暴露可能与阿尔茨海默病所致痴呆的病理生理学有关的可能性是令人感兴趣的,因为增加男性睾酮浓度的干预措施是容易获得的。

结果:一项对788名年龄在≥65岁、基础睾酮水平低于9.54nmol/L的男性进行的为期一年的随机安慰剂对照试验显示,性功能有所改善,但认知功能没有改善。糖尿病和痴呆症风险之间存在已知的联系。一项对1,007名50-74岁、腰围≥为95厘米、基线睾酮≤为14nmol/L的男性进行了为期两年的睾酮治疗的随机安慰剂对照试验,显示了睾酮在降低2型糖尿病风险方面的效果。

表1选择了男性睾酮治疗的随机、安慰剂对照研究,其结果与记忆力和其他认知表现指标相关。n表示试验组和安慰剂组的男性

表2选择了轻度认知障碍(MCI)或阿尔茨海默病(AD)男性患者睾酮治疗的随机、安慰剂对照研究,以及认知表现的结果。n表示被随机分组的男性总数

结论:有必要进行更多研究,但在现阶段,老年男性中较低的睾丸素浓度应被视为降低认知能力下降和痴呆症(包括阿尔茨海默病)风险的生物标记物,而不是已被证明的治疗目标。

原文出处: Yeap BB,  Flicker L,Testosterone, cognitive decline and dementia in ageing men.Clin Res Cardiol 2022 May 21

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    2023-02-13 yxch36
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    2022-06-17 1252503bm57暂无昵称

    学习了

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1827284, encodeId=a029182e28481, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=52e95194b9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CRC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5194, encryptionId=52e95194b9, topicName=CRC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4cea26, createdName=yxch36, createdTime=Mon Feb 13 09:07:41 CST 2023, time=2023-02-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1241598, encodeId=4bd41241598af, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=254791214ad' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#认知功能#</a><a href='/topic/show?id=18b3e120514' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#痴呆#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91214, encryptionId=254791214ad, topicName=认知功能), TopicDto(id=71205, encryptionId=18b3e120514, topicName=痴呆)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220519/c2ab253484ee4527a2d4e9589a4821ac/45de9bf494a54becb2ea4369c9d11e85.jpg, createdBy=7a3710, createdName=循证小兵, createdTime=Sun Aug 28 15:18:59 CST 2022, time=2022-08-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1897873, encodeId=5b89189e87373, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a3b080193fe' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#老年男性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=80193, encryptionId=a3b080193fe, topicName=老年男性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=226a143, createdName=cathymary, createdTime=Wed Jul 13 10:07:41 CST 2022, time=2022-07-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1227009, encodeId=b844122e009a6, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=aad52542616, createdName=1252503bm57暂无昵称, createdTime=Fri Jun 17 12:35:16 CST 2022, time=2022-06-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1247117, encodeId=b0dd124e1178d, content=老年性痴呆,未来还是希望借助神经电生理吧,也许更为有效!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=neuro.Dr, createdTime=Tue Jun 14 02:07:41 CST 2022, time=2022-06-14, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-06-14 neuro.Dr

    老年性痴呆,未来还是希望借助神经电生理吧,也许更为有效!

    0

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