NEJM:艾曲波帕可改善难治性再生障碍性贫血

2012-07-06 练晶军 中国医学论坛报

       《新英格兰医学杂志》(N Engl J Med)7月5日发表的一项研究表明在一些难治性重度再生障碍性贫血患者中,用艾曲波帕治疗与多系临床缓解相关。        免疫抑制疗法或同种异体移植可有效地治疗重度再生障碍性贫血(以免疫介导的骨髓发育不全和全血细胞减少为特征)。1/3

       《新英格兰医学杂志》(N Engl J Med)7月5日发表的一项研究表明在一些难治性重度再生障碍性贫血患者中,用艾曲波帕治疗与多系临床缓解相关。

       免疫抑制疗法或同种异体移植可有效地治疗重度再生障碍性贫血(以免疫介导的骨髓发育不全和全血细胞减少为特征)。1/3的患者有免疫抑制难治性疾病,伴有持续、重度血细胞减少以及造血干细胞和祖细胞严重缺乏。血小板生成素有可能使造血干细胞和祖细胞的数量增加。

       研究者进行了一项2期研究(纳入免疫抑制难治性再生障碍性贫血患者),以确定口服血小板生成素模拟(药物)艾曲波帕(Promacta)能否改善血细胞计 数。25例患者接受艾曲波帕[剂量为(每日)50 mg,必要时可增至每日150 mg的最大剂量]治疗,共12周。主要终点是具有临床意义的血细胞计数或输血非依赖性改变。有缓解的患者继续接受艾曲波帕治疗。

       结果发现在12周时,25例患者中的11例(44%)有至少一系的血液学缓解,并且毒性效应轻微。9例患者不再需要血小板输注(血小板计数中位增加 44000/mm3)。6例患者血红蛋白水平提高(中位增加4.4 g/dl),其中3例既往依赖红细胞输注,(治疗后)不再需要输注。9例患者中性粒细胞计数增加(中位增加1350/mm3)。连续骨髓活检显示有缓解的 患者三系血细胞生成正常化,并且无纤维化的增加。免疫功能监测显示没有一致的改变 。

【文献摘要】
 
Eltrombopag and Improved Hematopoiesis in Refractory Aplastic Anemia

       BACKGROUND Severe aplastic anemia, which is characterized by immune-mediated bone marrow hypoplasia and pancytopenia, can be treated effectively with immunosuppressive therapy or allogeneic transplantation. One third of patients have disease that is refractory to immunosuppression, with persistent, severe cytopenia and a profound deficit in hematopoietic stem cells and progenitor cells. Thrombopoietin may increase the number of hematopoietic stem cells and progenitor cells.

       METHODS We conducted a phase 2 study involving patients with aplastic anemia that was refractory to immunosuppression to determine whether the oral thrombopoietin mimetic eltrombopag (Promacta) can improve blood counts. Twenty-five patients received eltrombopag at a dose of 50 mg, which could be increased, as needed, to a maximum dose of 150 mg daily, for a total of 12 weeks. Primary end points were clinically significant changes in blood counts or transfusion independence. Patients with a response continued to receive eltrombopag.

       RESULTS Eleven of 25 patients (44%) had a hematologic response in at least one lineage at 12 weeks, with minimal toxic effects. Nine patients no longer needed platelet transfusions (median increase in platelet count, 44,000 per cubic millimeter). Six patients had improved hemoglobin levels (median increase, 4.4 g per deciliter); 3 of them were previously dependent on red-cell transfusions and no longer needed transfusions. Nine patients had increased neutrophil counts (median increase, 1350 per cubic millimeter). Serial bone marrow biopsies showed normalization of trilineage hematopoiesis in patients who had a response, without increased fibrosis. Monitoring of immune function revealed no consistent changes.

原始文献:Eltrombopag and Improved Hematopoiesis in Refractory Aplastic Anemia. N Engl J Med 2012;367:11-9. July 5
期刊影响因子:53.298
PMID: 22762314

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    2012-07-08 freve