阜外医院疑难病例:当“镜面心”合并永存左上腔经右侧上腔静脉要装起搏器

2018-11-30 佚名 中国循环杂志

临床上会遇到各种患者,比如不同寻常的右位心患者。阜外医院张澍、丁立刚等遇到的一例病态窦房结综合征患者,就是有一颗罕见的“镜面心”同时合并永存左上腔静脉(PLSVC)。

临床上会遇到各种患者,比如不同寻常的右位心患者。阜外医院张澍、丁立刚等遇到的一例病态窦房结综合征患者,就是有一颗罕见的“镜面心”同时合并永存左上腔静脉(PLSVC)。

患者是一位52岁的女性患者,乏力、头晕半年入院。经查诊断为心律失常、病态窦房结综合征,窦性停搏,右位心。遂择期行双腔永久起搏器植入术。

因患者为右位心,决定穿刺右侧锁骨下静脉,经右位心的左侧上腔静脉植入起搏器。

手术过程中送导丝入左侧上腔静脉时发现导丝走形异常,反复尝试应用导丝不能进入右位心脏左侧上腔静脉,后经右位心脏右侧上腔静脉、冠状静脉窦入右心房,最后入下腔静脉。

患者为右位心,合并永存左上腔静脉,经左侧上腔静脉植入起搏器导线相对容易,但导丝无法进入左侧上腔静脉,且右侧已行锁骨下囊袋切口,故尝试通过右侧永存上腔静脉经冠状静脉窦植入心房和心室电极。

经右侧锁骨下静脉送入心房及心室电极,将引导钢丝预制大“C”弯曲,然后送入心室导线腔内头端,顺时针方向旋转导丝及心室电极,使其通过右心房跨过三尖瓣反向进入右心室流出道,然后缓慢回撤至心室腔,向右侧推送导线及钢丝至右心室中间隔部位,通过右前斜位证实导线指向间隔侧,然后旋转螺旋电极植入右心室中间隔。

测试心室起搏阈值 0.5 V,感知 17 mV,阻抗1 130 欧姆。将预制“C”形弯曲的心房钢丝导线插入心房主动电极,经永存上腔静脉扩张的冠状窦口送入右心房,向上推送电极导线及钢丝并顺钟向旋转至右心耳侧,旋转螺旋电极固定,测试心房起搏阈值 0.8 V,感知 3.4 mV,阻抗 1 000 欧姆。

固定两根电极,分离皮下组织并制作起搏器囊袋,再次测试阈值稳定后连接起搏器并植入囊袋内,逐层缝合皮下组织及皮肤(图 1~4)。

讨论

患者通过右位心的右侧上腔静脉,相当于左位心脏的永存左上腔植入双腔永久起搏器电极导线。

其中最主要的挑战在于如何将右心室电极,经过扩大的冠状静脉窦口跨过三尖瓣反向送入位于胸腔右侧的右心室。此时需要预先将导引钢丝做成大的“C”形弯曲,确认导线头端垂直右心室间隔部才能旋转拧入主动电极,防止误放在游离壁。

需要指出的是,右位心合并永存左上腔的患者在植入永久起搏器电极时采用左侧植入相对简单,因此如果右侧植入失败可以考虑经左侧锁骨下静脉重新植入。

对于植入术中导丝走形异常的患者,建议行血管造影明确静脉走形,从而提高手术的成功率,对于植入失败的患者还可选择经胸心外膜起搏术。

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    2018-12-02 HNYYM

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