Nature:发布迄今大规模人类遗传变异数据库

2020-05-29 生物探索 生物探索

当地时间5月27日,国际期刊《Nature》及其子刊在线发表了基因组聚集数据库(gnomAD)团队的系列研究论文。据悉,这份汇集了逾14万人的公开目录,是迄今为止最大规模的人体遗传变异体数据库,将有助

当地时间5月27日,国际期刊《Nature》及其子刊在线发表了基因组聚集数据库(gnomAD)团队的系列研究论文。据悉,这份汇集了逾14万人的公开目录,是迄今为止最大规模的人体遗传变异体数据库,将有助于人们深入了解人类基因功能,增强对罕见和常见遗传病的理解。

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2308-7

基因组聚集数据库(gnomAD)项目是一个大规模的人类遗传变异体数据库,通过各种大型人群测序项目汇集数据,来鉴定各种功能丧失型变异体。

在发表于《Nature》的一篇概述性文章中,研究人员从125748个外显子组和15708个全基因组测序数据中鉴定出了443769个预测的功能丧失型变异体,利用一个改进的人类突变率模型将人类蛋白质编码基因按照代表对失活耐受的谱进行分类,并对这种分类进行了验证,确定了该方法能够用于提高常见和罕见疾病的基因发现能力。

在另一篇发表在《Nature》的文章里,研究人员对一类特别的罕见基因变异体进行临床解读,并解释了为什么似乎不耐受pLoF的基因有时可以携带这些变异而造成的影响却不大:当一个人在“不耐受”基因中携带pLoF变异体时,该变异体通常位于显示该限制性表达的外显子中,从而限制了其作用。

同系列发表于《Nature》子刊的其他文章中,还探讨了如何利用相关变异体评价候选药物靶点提升对遗传变异体的临床解读,以及如何更详细地考察特异性功能丧失型变异。比如,在发表于《Nature Medicine》的文章中,研究人员分析了与帕金森病风险增加相关的一个基因的变异体,结果显示靶向这个基因可能是一种安全的治疗方法。

该项目的领衔科学家、美国布罗德研究所的Daniel G. MacArthur教授在一份声明中说,这些研究代表了这个项目的首批重要成果,这个数据库的优势在于它的样本规模以及采集人群的多样性,这要感谢来自全球多地研究人员的贡献。每一篇新发表的论文都代表了研究人员从一个新角度去分析这些数据,从而为学界带来新的科研资源。

不过,研究人员也指出,尽管gnomAD数据库目前已取得了阶段性成果,但距离鉴定出人类全部的预测功能丧失型变异体仍然有很长的路要走。

原始出处:

Konrad J. Karczewski, Laurent C. Francioli, Daniel G. MacArthur, et.al. The mutational constraint spectrum quantified from variation in 141,456 humans. Nature 27 May 2020

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    2020-07-28 ylz8403
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    2020-08-27 14818eb4m67暂无昵称

    学习了

    0

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    2021-05-04 liye789132251
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