Nat Genet:大规模人群研究发现72个与自闭症相关的基因

2022-08-19 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

一项对神经发育差异基因的新研究发现了 70 多个与自闭症密切相关的基因,以及 250 多个与自闭症密切相关的基因。该分析是迄今为止同类分析中规模最大的一次,包括超过 150,000 名受试者,其中 2

一项对神经发育差异基因的新研究发现了 70 多个与自闭症密切相关的基因,以及 250 多个与自闭症密切相关的基因。该分析是迄今为止同类分析中规模最大的一次,包括超过 150,000 名受试者,其中 20,000 人被诊断出患有自闭症。

这些结果提供了迄今为止对自闭症和更广泛定义的神经发育状况中各种形式的遗传变异的最全面的观察。这些见解揭示了大脑发育和神经多样性的分子根源,并为自闭症生物学的未来研究提供了新的途径。

这些发现来自自闭症测序联盟(Autism Sequencing Consortium)、西蒙斯基金会推动自闭症研究计划(Simons Foundation Powering Autism Research initiative)、灵北基金会综合精神病学研究计划(Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research)、基于人群的自闭症遗传学和环境研究(Population-Based Autism Genetics and Environmental Study)以及常见疾病基因组学中心的科学家和数据集的合作。在麻省理工学院和哈佛大学的布罗德研究所。这项工作是这些财团几年前投资的高潮,该投资对神经发育状况进行大规模遗传分析并共享这些自闭症数据集。

这项新工作与三项相关研究一起出现在《自然遗传学》上,这些研究使用一些相同的数据来促进对自闭症遗传基础的理解。

研究者通过对 63,237 名个体的蛋白质截短变体 (PTV)、错义变体和拷贝数变体 (CNV) 的联合分析,探索了被这些变体破坏的基因。我们以错误发现率 (FDR) ≤ 0.001(FDR 时 185 个 ≤ 0.05)发现了 72 个与 ASD 相关的基因。从头 PTV、破坏性错义变异和 CNV 占关联证据的 57.5%、21.1% 和 8.44%,而 CNV 具有最大的相对风险。对确定发育迟缓 (DD) (n = 91,605) 的队列进行荟萃分析,在 FDR ≤ 0.001 时产生了 373 个与 ASD/DD 相关的基因(在 FDR ≤ 0.05 时为 664 个),其中一些基因在 ASD 和 DD 之间的相对突变频率上有所不同同伙。 DD 相关基因在祖细胞和未成熟神经元细胞的转录组中富集,而在 ASD 中表现出更强证据的基因在成熟神经元中更丰富,并与精神分裂症相关基因重叠,强调这些神经精神疾病可能具有共同的风险途径。

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“我们知道,许多基因在发生突变时会导致自闭症,在这项史无前例的研究中,我们能够将大量样本中的多种突变类型结合在一起,以更丰富地了解自闭症所涉及的基因和遗传结构和其他神经发育状况。这很重要,因为我们现在对导致自闭症和更多潜在治疗目标的大脑变化有了更多的见解,”共同资深作者、Seaver 自闭症研究中心主任 Joseph D. Buxbaum 博士说。西奈山治疗,西奈山伊坎医学院精神病学、神经科学、遗传学和基因组科学教授。

在由共同第一作者、卡内基梅隆大学统计学和生命科学教授 Kathryn Roeder 博士实验室的研究生 Minshi Peng 领导的分析中,科学家们检查了表达或活动水平,他们在人类神经元发育过程中发现的基因。他们了解到,主要与发育迟缓相关的基因往往在早期神经元发育中活跃,而与自闭症相关的基因往往在更成熟的神经元中发挥作用。此外,在对 20,000 多份精神分裂症患者样本的分析中,研究人员发现,与自闭症密切相关的基因也更有可能与增加精神分裂症风险的基因相关。

“这些分析表明,自闭症与其他神经和精神疾病之间存在共同的遗传风险因素,”布克斯鲍姆博士说。

“我们的发现不仅得益于自闭症研究和群体遗传学研究中大规模、丰富的数据收集,还得益于新开发的分析方法,使我们能够以新的方式探索神经发育变异的遗传根源。除了该领域的大规模基因发现工作外,我们还开始深入了解这些基因在神经发育过程中发挥作用的地点、时间和方式。”马萨诸塞州总医院基因组医学中心主任。

根据研究结果,Buxbaum 博士表示,针对自闭症的精准医学方法将使患者受益,因为对携带一个基因突变的个体有效的治疗可能对携带不同基因突变的其他个体无效。

“一个关键的结论是,自闭症有许多基因突变驱动它,因此基因检测是有必要的,不仅为了有自闭症谱系障碍风险的家庭和个人的利益,而且为了推动治疗的发展,”布克斯鲍姆博士说。 “基于这些基因发现中确定的目标,我们越能推进治疗,我们就有可能帮助的人越多,这可能对解决全球自闭症和发育迟缓产生重大影响。”

该研究的其他共同资深作者包括 Mark Daly 博士(马萨诸塞州总医院基因组医学中心)、Bernie Devlin 博士(匹兹堡大学医学院)和 Stephan Sanders 博士(加州大学圣保罗分校)弗朗西斯科)。其他共同第一作者包括马萨诸塞州总医院和哈佛医学院神经病学助理教授 Harrison Brand 博士; Talkowski 实验室的博士后 Jack Fu;和 Daly 实验室的计算生物学家 Kyle Satterstrom。

关于西奈山卫生系统
西奈山医疗系统是纽约都会区最大的学术医疗系统之一,拥有超过 43,000 名员工,分布于八家医院、400 多家门诊诊所、300 多个实验室、一所护理学院和一所领先的医学院和研究生教育。西奈山通过迎接我们这个时代最复杂的医疗保健挑战——发现和应用新的科学学习和知识,促进世界各地所有人的健康;开发更安全、更有效的治疗方法;培养下一代医学领袖和创新者;并通过向所有需要它的人提供高质量的护理来支持当地社区。

通过整合其医院、实验室和学校,西奈山提供从出生到老年医学的全面医疗保健解决方案,利用人工智能和信息学等创新方法,同时将患者的医疗和情感需求置于所有治疗的中心。

关于西奈山西弗自闭症研究和治疗中心
西奈山的 Seaver 自闭症研究和治疗中心进行渐进式研究,以加强对自闭症和相关疾病的诊断,发现这些疾病的生物学原因,并开发和传播突破性的治疗方法。该中心的愿景是成为自闭症和相关疾病精准医学领域的国际领导者,弥合基础科学新发现与加强护理之间的差距,同时确保社区了解护理自闭症患者的新的和改进的方法。 Seaver 自闭症中心是在 Beatrice 和 Samuel A. Seaver 基金会的慷慨支持下成立的。

原始出处:

Fu, J.M., Satterstrom, F.K., Peng, M. et al. Rare coding variation provides insight into the genetic architecture and phenotypic context of autism. Nat Genet (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-022-01104-0

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    2023-01-09 canlab
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    2023-03-16 ylz8403
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    2022-12-05 cy0324
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    2023-03-28 liye789132251
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    2022-08-20 xiongke014
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    2022-08-19 ms8000002006845920

    自闭症谱系障碍,通过基因检测,确定位点,这可能对解决全球自闭症和发育迟缓产生重大影响。

    0

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