阵发性室上性心动过速:从发作诊断到处理,一文详解!

2021-10-17 朱晓晓心电资讯 朱晓晓心电资讯

临床上最常见的室上性心动过速类型为预激旁路引发的房室折返性心动过速(AVRT)以及房室结双径路引发的房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT),这二者约占90%左右且多由折返机制引起。

临床上最常见的室上性心动过速类型为预激旁路引发的房室折返性心动过速(AVRT)以及房室结双径路引发的房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT),这二者约占90%左右且多由折返机制引起。

房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)多发生于正常人(指除PSVT外,没有明显的器质性心脏病);也可发生于有器质性心脏病患者。但绝大多数PSVT的发作与合并存在的心脏病无关;少数患者PSVT的发作与心脏器质疾患有关。

发作特点:

1、呈现突然开始与突然终止,持续时间长短不一;

2、发作短者仅有数秒至数分钟,发作时间长者可持续数日、数月;

3、有些病人可有突然刺激、惊吓诱发或终止心动过速的经历。

心电图特征:

1、心动过速发作时有突发、突止的特点;

2、频率一般在160-250bpm,节律快而规则;

3P波常不易明辨,如可见多为逆行波,QRS波群形态与时限一般正常。

折返激动形成

1、需要有提供激动折返的径路折返环(解剖决定型和功能决定型);

2、在折返环内有单向阻滞;

3、折返环内的缓慢传导。

图片图片

房室结折返性心动过速

1、房室结折返性心动过速( AVNRT )是由于房室结双径路造成的折返激动所致;

2AVNRT常发生于正常心脏,发病年龄以中青年为多,女性病人多于男性;

3AVNRT可分成两型

1)、典型型或常见型,即慢-快(S-F)型。

2)、不典型或少见型,包括快-慢(F-S)型和慢-慢(S-S)型。

心电图诊断要点: 

1.R-R间隔绝对匀齐,心室率成人160-250/min,婴儿250325/min儿童160200/min

2.QRS波形态正常。若伴有室内差异性传导,则QRS波增宽,呈右束支阻滞型;若为逆传型旁路折返,则呈预激综合征图型。

3.偶见逆行P 大约半数病例可见逆行P(PⅡaVF倒置,PaVR直立),紧随QRS波之后;但经常也观察不到逆行P波。

4.ST-T波可呈缺血型改变,发作终止后仍可持续12周。

实例:

图片

点击图片放大查看 

心电图特点:R-R间期绝对整齐,心室率大约为150bpmQRS波形态和时限正常且其前未见正常P波。IIIIIAVF导联隐约可以看到逆行P波,V1导联见r波。 

心电图诊断:阵发性室上性心动过速(考虑AVNRT可能性大)

处理:

1 . 通过物理方法刺激迷走神经的治疗  

这种方法简单易行,尤其适合不在医院场合发作或没有医生在身边的患者,可以试用下列方法,有可能将阵发性室上性心动过速终止。

1)刺激咽部的方法

这种方法比较实用,在发作阵发性室上性心动过速以后,通过用手或者是用筷子、调羹等硬物刺激咽部或口腔悬雍垂,引发恶心,刺激迷走神经神经导致心动过速终止,方法简单有效,最常使用。

2)捏鼻子呼吸法

发作阵发性室上性心动过速时,深吸一口气,将鼻子捏住,或者是屏住呼吸,有可能将阵发性室上性心动过速终止。

3)按压眼球的方法

按压眼球的方法也简单易行,轻重的把握以轻度不适为度,不可用力过重。

4 按摩颈动脉窦

通过按摩颈部动脉窦(按摩颈动脉)的方法,可达到刺激迷走神经的目的,往往也能终止阵发性室上性心动过速。

2. 经食道电生理超速终止

如果已经到达医院,并且仍在发作,有条件的医院可以选择经食道电生理超速终止,其优点是不用药物,还能检查大致的病因,并可以马上安排进行射频消融而不用等待药物代谢,因为用药物终止的话,除ATP外,都需要将药物代谢完才能进行手术治疗,否则将影响手术。这种方法有人将其归在电转律范围。 

3. 电复律(电转律)

电复律的方法用在发作心动过速并且具有血液动力学障碍的患者,需要紧急治疗的时候可以考虑,一般血压正常的无血液动力学障碍的患者不用这种方法。

4. 手术治疗

4.1  射频消融手术治疗

目前阵发性室上性心动过速射频消融手术治疗的效果比较理想,但是一次手术达到百分之百的概率很难,有一定的复发率,再次手术一般都能根治。

4.2  外科手术治疗

目前在一般状况下,不会考虑外科手术治疗,因为可以手术的创伤性大和成功率低,除非该患者由于其他疾病正需要进行心脏外科手术,如果是旁道的话,可以考虑旁道切除术。 

5.药物疗法

常静脉用维拉帕米(异搏定)、心律平、三磷酸腺甘(ATP)、洋地黄类药物等,但有预激综合征、旁路前传心室的(QRS增宽)患者应慎用或禁用洋地黄类药物。

版权声明:
本网站所有内容来源注明为“梅斯医学”或“MedSci原创”的文字、图片和音视频资料,版权均属于梅斯医学所有。非经授权,任何媒体、网站或个人不得转载,授权转载时须注明来源为“梅斯医学”。其它来源的文章系转载文章,或“梅斯号”自媒体发布的文章,仅系出于传递更多信息之目的,本站仅负责审核内容合规,其内容不代表本站立场,本站不负责内容的准确性和版权。如果存在侵权、或不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系,我们将立即进行删除处理。
在此留言
评论区 (5)
#插入话题
  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1705764, encodeId=0cc51e05764a9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=741b9e627ab' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阵发性室上性心动过速#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=97627, encryptionId=741b9e627ab, topicName=阵发性室上性心动过速)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=dd3931065017, createdName=aids223, createdTime=Tue Jun 21 13:14:58 CST 2022, time=2022-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1937403, encodeId=5097193e403ef, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=24f3462064a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#室上性心动过速#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=46206, encryptionId=24f3462064a, topicName=室上性心动过速)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=346311, createdName=wgsun, createdTime=Tue Mar 08 01:14:58 CST 2022, time=2022-03-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1471145, encodeId=58af14e1145aa, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f06c5090466' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#心动过速#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=50904, encryptionId=f06c5090466, topicName=心动过速)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=35817104001, createdName=fengyi814, createdTime=Tue Oct 19 11:14:58 CST 2021, time=2021-10-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1061391, encodeId=f4a91061391fb, content=溶酶生成后迅速与a2纤溶酶抑制剂1:1结, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTIrrxxDxnLic8t6EAs38Qfwo6H2h6JMleIgb9OSYf6LMnVDkQEqUXWoSDWboibjhOBI9SJDTXweqQIA/132, createdBy=50aa5321359, createdName=查查佳佳, createdTime=Mon Oct 18 08:55:51 CST 2021, time=2021-10-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1061368, encodeId=2b6b106136831, content=不错学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210606/e8b96fdba070433da10cd357c0646807/28bf16f46e314caaad8396c0c7df7a04.jpg, createdBy=adb15496357, createdName=仁术2021, createdTime=Mon Oct 18 06:51:19 CST 2021, time=2021-10-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1705764, encodeId=0cc51e05764a9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=741b9e627ab' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阵发性室上性心动过速#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=97627, encryptionId=741b9e627ab, topicName=阵发性室上性心动过速)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=dd3931065017, createdName=aids223, createdTime=Tue Jun 21 13:14:58 CST 2022, time=2022-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1937403, encodeId=5097193e403ef, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=24f3462064a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#室上性心动过速#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=46206, encryptionId=24f3462064a, topicName=室上性心动过速)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=346311, createdName=wgsun, createdTime=Tue Mar 08 01:14:58 CST 2022, time=2022-03-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1471145, encodeId=58af14e1145aa, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f06c5090466' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#心动过速#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=50904, encryptionId=f06c5090466, topicName=心动过速)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=35817104001, createdName=fengyi814, createdTime=Tue Oct 19 11:14:58 CST 2021, time=2021-10-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1061391, encodeId=f4a91061391fb, content=溶酶生成后迅速与a2纤溶酶抑制剂1:1结, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTIrrxxDxnLic8t6EAs38Qfwo6H2h6JMleIgb9OSYf6LMnVDkQEqUXWoSDWboibjhOBI9SJDTXweqQIA/132, createdBy=50aa5321359, createdName=查查佳佳, createdTime=Mon Oct 18 08:55:51 CST 2021, time=2021-10-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1061368, encodeId=2b6b106136831, content=不错学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210606/e8b96fdba070433da10cd357c0646807/28bf16f46e314caaad8396c0c7df7a04.jpg, createdBy=adb15496357, createdName=仁术2021, createdTime=Mon Oct 18 06:51:19 CST 2021, time=2021-10-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1705764, encodeId=0cc51e05764a9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=741b9e627ab' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阵发性室上性心动过速#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=97627, encryptionId=741b9e627ab, topicName=阵发性室上性心动过速)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=dd3931065017, createdName=aids223, createdTime=Tue Jun 21 13:14:58 CST 2022, time=2022-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1937403, encodeId=5097193e403ef, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=24f3462064a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#室上性心动过速#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=46206, encryptionId=24f3462064a, topicName=室上性心动过速)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=346311, createdName=wgsun, createdTime=Tue Mar 08 01:14:58 CST 2022, time=2022-03-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1471145, encodeId=58af14e1145aa, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f06c5090466' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#心动过速#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=50904, encryptionId=f06c5090466, topicName=心动过速)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=35817104001, createdName=fengyi814, createdTime=Tue Oct 19 11:14:58 CST 2021, time=2021-10-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1061391, encodeId=f4a91061391fb, content=溶酶生成后迅速与a2纤溶酶抑制剂1:1结, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTIrrxxDxnLic8t6EAs38Qfwo6H2h6JMleIgb9OSYf6LMnVDkQEqUXWoSDWboibjhOBI9SJDTXweqQIA/132, createdBy=50aa5321359, createdName=查查佳佳, createdTime=Mon Oct 18 08:55:51 CST 2021, time=2021-10-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1061368, encodeId=2b6b106136831, content=不错学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210606/e8b96fdba070433da10cd357c0646807/28bf16f46e314caaad8396c0c7df7a04.jpg, createdBy=adb15496357, createdName=仁术2021, createdTime=Mon Oct 18 06:51:19 CST 2021, time=2021-10-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1705764, encodeId=0cc51e05764a9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=741b9e627ab' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阵发性室上性心动过速#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=97627, encryptionId=741b9e627ab, topicName=阵发性室上性心动过速)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=dd3931065017, createdName=aids223, createdTime=Tue Jun 21 13:14:58 CST 2022, time=2022-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1937403, encodeId=5097193e403ef, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=24f3462064a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#室上性心动过速#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=46206, encryptionId=24f3462064a, topicName=室上性心动过速)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=346311, createdName=wgsun, createdTime=Tue Mar 08 01:14:58 CST 2022, time=2022-03-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1471145, encodeId=58af14e1145aa, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f06c5090466' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#心动过速#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=50904, encryptionId=f06c5090466, topicName=心动过速)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=35817104001, createdName=fengyi814, createdTime=Tue Oct 19 11:14:58 CST 2021, time=2021-10-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1061391, encodeId=f4a91061391fb, content=溶酶生成后迅速与a2纤溶酶抑制剂1:1结, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTIrrxxDxnLic8t6EAs38Qfwo6H2h6JMleIgb9OSYf6LMnVDkQEqUXWoSDWboibjhOBI9SJDTXweqQIA/132, createdBy=50aa5321359, createdName=查查佳佳, createdTime=Mon Oct 18 08:55:51 CST 2021, time=2021-10-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1061368, encodeId=2b6b106136831, content=不错学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210606/e8b96fdba070433da10cd357c0646807/28bf16f46e314caaad8396c0c7df7a04.jpg, createdBy=adb15496357, createdName=仁术2021, createdTime=Mon Oct 18 06:51:19 CST 2021, time=2021-10-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-10-18 查查佳佳

    溶酶生成后迅速与a2纤溶酶抑制剂1:1结

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1705764, encodeId=0cc51e05764a9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=741b9e627ab' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阵发性室上性心动过速#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=97627, encryptionId=741b9e627ab, topicName=阵发性室上性心动过速)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=dd3931065017, createdName=aids223, createdTime=Tue Jun 21 13:14:58 CST 2022, time=2022-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1937403, encodeId=5097193e403ef, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=24f3462064a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#室上性心动过速#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=46206, encryptionId=24f3462064a, topicName=室上性心动过速)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=346311, createdName=wgsun, createdTime=Tue Mar 08 01:14:58 CST 2022, time=2022-03-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1471145, encodeId=58af14e1145aa, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f06c5090466' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#心动过速#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=50904, encryptionId=f06c5090466, topicName=心动过速)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=35817104001, createdName=fengyi814, createdTime=Tue Oct 19 11:14:58 CST 2021, time=2021-10-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1061391, encodeId=f4a91061391fb, content=溶酶生成后迅速与a2纤溶酶抑制剂1:1结, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTIrrxxDxnLic8t6EAs38Qfwo6H2h6JMleIgb9OSYf6LMnVDkQEqUXWoSDWboibjhOBI9SJDTXweqQIA/132, createdBy=50aa5321359, createdName=查查佳佳, createdTime=Mon Oct 18 08:55:51 CST 2021, time=2021-10-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1061368, encodeId=2b6b106136831, content=不错学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210606/e8b96fdba070433da10cd357c0646807/28bf16f46e314caaad8396c0c7df7a04.jpg, createdBy=adb15496357, createdName=仁术2021, createdTime=Mon Oct 18 06:51:19 CST 2021, time=2021-10-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-10-18 仁术2021

    不错学习了

    0

相关资讯

心电图F波及其纤细,在一般导联中不易查明,怎么看?

从心电图实例看心房颤动的不同表现_提问与回答

瑞金医院:刘霞主任解读:急性冠脉综合征-心电图改变的各异

⌚ 今晚19:00直播,报名即送4本心内科专业书籍!

15节心电图诊断必修课:今晚19:00开讲!心内科名医带您读图识心

👉 报名即得【30份心血管课件+100份心内科指南+200套心电图图谱】