又出“幺蛾子”!Nature发文表明:新冠会让大脑萎缩,结论是否靠谱?

2022-03-15 陈博文 深究科学

新冠病毒不仅折磨着我们的身体,痊愈之后依旧没有放过我们,它会损伤我们的大脑,导致大脑萎缩,进而可能会引起阿尔茨海默症或其他神经系统疾病。

图片来源wustl.edu

导读

奥密克戎最近来势汹汹,众所周知,这是一种传染性极强,但病症较轻的变异株。但即便是它带来的症状比较轻,我们也不能放松警惕。

近日,牛津大学研究团队在《自然》杂志上发表了新成果,称感染新冠病毒可能导致患者脑部受损,包括脑容量萎缩、主要集中在嗅觉区域的大脑灰质数量下降及脑组织损伤等。

新冠病毒对人体损伤极大,早期有研究表明,感染新冠会影响人体多个组织和器官,可能造成的后果有肺部纤维化、心脏损伤等,而这次的研究成果,无疑为我们再度敲响了警钟。

对于新冠肺炎的后遗症,你了解多少?它是不可被战胜的吗?今天我们就来聊一聊新冠肺炎那些“无处不在”的后遗症。

撰文|陈博文

责编 | 李晓韦

后疫情时代,新冠肺炎的种种后遗症开始走进大众的视线。

新冠病毒不仅折磨着我们的身体,痊愈之后依旧没有放过我们,它会损伤我们的大脑,导致大脑萎缩,进而可能会引起阿尔茨海默症或其他神经系统疾病。

通俗一点儿说,得过新冠肺炎的人有点容易痴呆(注:目前这只是科学家的大胆猜测)。

新冠肺炎后遗症有些可怕:会伤脑子

追根溯源,我们是怎么知道新冠肺炎痊愈了还会伤脑这件事呢?

近日,牛津大学神经影像学专家格韦纳勒·杜奥德(Gwenaelle Douaud)团队利用英国生物样本库(UK Biobank)的数据,研究调查了 785 名英国参与者的大脑变化两次成像。

这些参与者年龄在51-81 岁不等,其中包括 401 名在两次扫描之间检测出感染了新冠病毒的病例,他们的诊断和第二次扫描平均间隔了 141 天。

在比较两组研究数据时,研究人员发现了明显的纵向效应,包括眶额皮质和海马旁回的灰质厚度减少,与初级嗅觉皮层相关的脑区组织损伤增大,以及整体大脑出现萎缩现象。受感染的参与者在前后两个时间点之间均表现出认知下降的问题。

为什么会出现认知下降的问题呢?这就涉及到刚刚多次提到的灰质厚度减少的情况了。

简单地说,灰质包含了大部分大脑神经元的细胞体。所涉及的大脑灰质包括区域的肌肉控制,和视听等感官知觉,记忆,情绪,言论、决策、和自我控制能力。

所以灰质厚度减少,意味着人思考、行动能力都下降了。

更重要的是,研究人员在排除了15例住院病例后,这种脑部的变化现象在轻症或无症状患者中仍然明显。

墨尔本弗洛里神经科学与心理健康研究所的神经药理学家莉亚·比彻姆(Leah Beauchamp)表示,构成大脑最外层灰质的缺失,代表着大脑的退化,这预示了感染新冠会导致的一个可能的长期后果——阿尔茨海默症或其他神经系统疾病。

新冠后遗症隐患多多:我们如何预防

不仅是大脑,新冠肺炎还会影响到我们身体的其他很多方面。

我们逐一来了解下,这些隐患有多么的“无处不在”。

早在2021年,国内就有研究表明,在确诊新冠近1年后,即便是非重症患者,依旧有近三分之一的病例存在睡眠困难、呼吸急促、乏力和关节疼痛症状。

此外,超过一半非重症患者表现出了肺部CT异常,包括磨玻璃样混浊,支气管扩张,结节以及纤维化等。

而另一项近期发表于《自然·医学》杂志的研究则揭示了病毒对心血管疾病感染风险的影响。

结果显示,新冠肺炎加剧了感染者在治愈后患20种心血管疾病的风险,包括心力衰竭、心脏病发作、中风等疾病在内。而不论新冠患者感染程度如何,即使是轻症,患心血管疾病的风险也会增加。

除了威胁性强的心血管疾病外,新冠肺炎对于神经系统的损害也不容忽视,比如:急性精神错乱、谵妄、疲劳、肌痛、抑郁症等,其中老年感染者神经系统患病的概率更高。

新冠并发症可能影响的器官有心脏、消化道、肾脏、免疫和血液系统、大脑、神经系统、和生殖系统等多个器官组织。图片来源Zheng Medical Virology 2020

新冠肺炎后遗症来势汹汹,我们难道就毫无准备吗?并非如此。虽然这些症状听起来很可怕,但也不必过于惊慌。

在上文提到的牛津大学研究中,由于患者仅是在感染新冠后感染新冠四个半月后进行脑部扫描,且没有一个人接受了足够彻底的认知测试,样本数据缺乏,因此不确定脑部灰质和组织的损伤是否只是暂时变化,随着时间的推移,大脑或许能够进行自我修复。

“大脑具有可塑性,这意味着它在一定程度上可以自我重组和修复,即使在老年人中也是如此。”杜奥德说,“找到答案的最好办法是在一两年后对这些志愿者再次进行脑部扫描和认知测试。”

除了不断推进的研究外,许多专家也提议对痊愈者以后的恢复生活给予更多关注,方便对其进行长时间的辅助恢复,帮助饱受后遗症折磨的他们尽快回到正常生活中去。

疫情当前,我们绝不能掉以轻心。

无论是未感染者、已感染者还是病愈者,都要及时调节好心态,更加注意自己的身体,有什么不适及时就医,才能得到有效的治疗。

参考资料

1. 新冠病毒感染前后大脑有哪些变化?https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/pSmYujGIRUdujer2JzVikw

2. 新冠后遗症!不仅伤脑子,还会攻击心脏,20种心脏病风险显著增高

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/8B9Fxyxrrm0G6GsHNKd6FA

3. SARS-CoV-2 is associated with changes in brain structure in UK Biobank | Nature

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    2023-02-13 chendoc252
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    2022-05-22 liye789132251
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1756699, encodeId=39381e5669940, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ba8e99e857c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#靠谱#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99785, encryptionId=ba8e99e857c, topicName=靠谱)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=199a37204836, createdName=ms117281293605716, createdTime=Wed Jun 15 00:30:04 CST 2022, time=2022-06-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1696042, encodeId=a1161696042d8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=03b98809697' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#萎缩#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=88096, encryptionId=03b98809697, topicName=萎缩)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=53fc29868494, createdName=chendoc252, createdTime=Mon Feb 13 12:30:04 CST 2023, time=2023-02-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1885678, encodeId=dbb918856e8b2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sun May 22 04:30:04 CST 2022, time=2022-05-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1401233, encodeId=098d1401233b5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3405850e3f4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脑萎缩#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=85073, encryptionId=3405850e3f4, topicName=脑萎缩)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/xdmCjlickSzn2cxg75bTZeYl2VYrTV6hibyMlic5XVFkibQbmFB7tK72afyxE4iclBhv7qd91qSk8Q6yicAcmErXRFxQ/132, createdBy=2c5d2304811, createdName=smartjoy, createdTime=Wed Mar 16 21:30:04 CST 2022, time=2022-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1625410, encodeId=2c5f1625410ec, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dfe143964e4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#大脑萎缩#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=43964, encryptionId=dfe143964e4, topicName=大脑萎缩)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=48aa20754836, createdName=gracezdd, createdTime=Wed Mar 16 21:30:04 CST 2022, time=2022-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1203030, encodeId=b78112030303d, content=应该注意早期未定论科研报告造成社会恐慌的可能性。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210703/9c448fe1b3b54fd7bc9477662f4861bb/4bdadad22bfd46f2921aabb4c40265d3.jpg, createdBy=a8d81938466, createdName=weigq, createdTime=Wed Mar 16 10:19:22 CST 2022, time=2022-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1756699, encodeId=39381e5669940, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ba8e99e857c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#靠谱#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99785, encryptionId=ba8e99e857c, topicName=靠谱)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=199a37204836, createdName=ms117281293605716, createdTime=Wed Jun 15 00:30:04 CST 2022, time=2022-06-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1696042, encodeId=a1161696042d8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=03b98809697' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#萎缩#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=88096, encryptionId=03b98809697, topicName=萎缩)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=53fc29868494, createdName=chendoc252, createdTime=Mon Feb 13 12:30:04 CST 2023, time=2023-02-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1885678, encodeId=dbb918856e8b2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sun May 22 04:30:04 CST 2022, time=2022-05-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1401233, encodeId=098d1401233b5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3405850e3f4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脑萎缩#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=85073, encryptionId=3405850e3f4, topicName=脑萎缩)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/xdmCjlickSzn2cxg75bTZeYl2VYrTV6hibyMlic5XVFkibQbmFB7tK72afyxE4iclBhv7qd91qSk8Q6yicAcmErXRFxQ/132, createdBy=2c5d2304811, createdName=smartjoy, createdTime=Wed Mar 16 21:30:04 CST 2022, time=2022-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1625410, encodeId=2c5f1625410ec, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dfe143964e4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#大脑萎缩#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=43964, encryptionId=dfe143964e4, topicName=大脑萎缩)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=48aa20754836, createdName=gracezdd, createdTime=Wed Mar 16 21:30:04 CST 2022, time=2022-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1203030, encodeId=b78112030303d, content=应该注意早期未定论科研报告造成社会恐慌的可能性。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210703/9c448fe1b3b54fd7bc9477662f4861bb/4bdadad22bfd46f2921aabb4c40265d3.jpg, createdBy=a8d81938466, createdName=weigq, createdTime=Wed Mar 16 10:19:22 CST 2022, time=2022-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1756699, encodeId=39381e5669940, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ba8e99e857c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#靠谱#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99785, encryptionId=ba8e99e857c, topicName=靠谱)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=199a37204836, createdName=ms117281293605716, createdTime=Wed Jun 15 00:30:04 CST 2022, time=2022-06-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1696042, encodeId=a1161696042d8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=03b98809697' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#萎缩#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=88096, encryptionId=03b98809697, topicName=萎缩)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=53fc29868494, createdName=chendoc252, createdTime=Mon Feb 13 12:30:04 CST 2023, time=2023-02-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1885678, encodeId=dbb918856e8b2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sun May 22 04:30:04 CST 2022, time=2022-05-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1401233, encodeId=098d1401233b5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3405850e3f4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脑萎缩#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=85073, encryptionId=3405850e3f4, topicName=脑萎缩)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/xdmCjlickSzn2cxg75bTZeYl2VYrTV6hibyMlic5XVFkibQbmFB7tK72afyxE4iclBhv7qd91qSk8Q6yicAcmErXRFxQ/132, createdBy=2c5d2304811, createdName=smartjoy, createdTime=Wed Mar 16 21:30:04 CST 2022, time=2022-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1625410, encodeId=2c5f1625410ec, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dfe143964e4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#大脑萎缩#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=43964, encryptionId=dfe143964e4, topicName=大脑萎缩)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=48aa20754836, createdName=gracezdd, createdTime=Wed Mar 16 21:30:04 CST 2022, time=2022-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1203030, encodeId=b78112030303d, content=应该注意早期未定论科研报告造成社会恐慌的可能性。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210703/9c448fe1b3b54fd7bc9477662f4861bb/4bdadad22bfd46f2921aabb4c40265d3.jpg, createdBy=a8d81938466, createdName=weigq, createdTime=Wed Mar 16 10:19:22 CST 2022, time=2022-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-03-16 weigq

    应该注意早期未定论科研报告造成社会恐慌的可能性。

    0

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