ACTN:不可小觑!颅脑损伤后可能会导致认知功能下降

2021-03-14 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

颅脑损伤(HI)被认为是痴呆和阿尔茨海默病(AD)的重要的危险因素。

颅脑损伤(HI)被认为是痴呆和阿尔茨海默病(AD)的重要的危险因素。然而,关于HI与认知障碍的以往研究主要集中在年龄较小,可能遭受严重或重复性头部受伤风险的人群(例如军事人员和运动员),并且随访时间通常相对较短。对一般人群可能发生的轻度HI的长期认知和病理的影响研究较少,特别是在老年人中。

近日,发表在 Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology杂志的一项研究,评估了HI与意识丧失(LOC),衰老和晚年脑病理学标志物之间的关联,并探讨这些影响是否有助于解释无痴呆症个体的微妙认知障碍。结果显示,50多岁或更年轻时经历过头部受伤的人在70岁时的认知测试中得分低于预期。另外,HI并未助长阿尔茨海默病的脑损伤特征,但更容易出现痴呆症症状。

在这项研究中,研究人员调查了来自1946年英国MRC国家健康与发展队列研究,涉及502名年龄在 6971岁的参与者。这些参与者在53岁时被问到是否曾经晕倒过或者头部受伤,其中有21%的参与者对这个问题的回答是肯定的。然后,在大约70岁左右时,研究人员对参与者进行了脑部扫描(PET/MRI),并进行一系列的认知测试。

研究结果显示,15年前经历过严重头部损伤的70岁参与者,在注意力和认知测试中的表现略低于预期(相差两分,在93分的量表中得分4648)。而且,参与者的脑容量也较小,脑部微结构完整性也有差异,这与以往研究的证据一致,这可能解释了微妙的认知差异。

69-71岁连续神经影像学结果的平均差异

然而,值得注意的是,研究结果没有发现与阿尔茨海默病有关的淀粉样蛋白的水平的差异,也没有发现与阿尔茨海默病有关的其他损害的迹象。

综上,该研究发现,即使在普通人群中,在生命早期经历HI可能会影响到数十年后直至生命后期的认知和大脑健康。这些发现加深了人们对影响大脑健康的理解。尽管通常无法预测或避免头部受伤,但提醒人们需要尽一切努力保护大脑免受伤害。

原始出处

Sarah‐Naomi James et al, A population‐based study of head injury, cognitive function and pathological markers, Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology (2021). DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51331

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    2021-03-15 carrotlyl

    摸摸自己经常摔的脑袋后...我竟然忘了为什么要摸我的头

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