Nat Immunol:芳香烃受体负向调节抗病毒免疫反应

2016-05-23 佚名 不详

芳香烃受体(AHR,Aryl hydrocarbon receptor)是一类能够感受外界环境中的异质物(xenobiotic)刺激,并介导毒性反应的胞内转录调控因子。激活后的AHR能够调控许多染色体上基因的表达,并促进对异质物的分解。之前的研究发现该信号在细菌感染过程中发挥了十分重要的作用(细菌的特定毒性分子能够激活AHR并加速其代谢过程)。 AHR与免疫调节的关系也是一直以来研究的热点

芳香烃受体(AHR,Aryl hydrocarbon receptor)是一类能够感受外界环境中的异质物(xenobiotic)刺激,并介导毒性反应的胞内转录调控因子。激活后的AHR能够调控许多染色体上基因的表达,并促进对异质物的分解。之前的研究发现该信号在细菌感染过程中发挥了十分重要的作用(细菌的特定毒性分子能够激活AHR并加速其代谢过程)。

AHR与免疫调节的关系也是一直以来研究的热点,此前的研究表明AHR能够参与T细胞、巨噬细胞以及DC的分化与功能,另外,在器官移植后的免疫排斥反应中AHR也具有关键的作用。研究发现,利用Dioxin激活小鼠体内的AHR,能够降低小鼠在病毒感染后的存活率,病毒特异性CD8 T细胞的分化与增殖速率也受到了影响。

另一方面,在肿瘤扩散与炎症免疫反应过程中,由于色氨酸过氧化酶(TDO))活性的增强,Kyn等色氨酸代谢产物的含量会明显上升,这一变化会提高体内调节性T细胞的水平并随之产生免疫耐受。但这一现象于AHR之间的关系目前知道的有限。

为了探索AHR与抗病毒免疫反应之间的关系,来自日本北海道大学的Akinori Takaoka课题组研究了持续性的AHR激活对抗病毒免疫反应过程中I型干扰素释放的影响。相关结果发表在最近一期的《nature immunology》杂志上。

首先,作者比较了野生型小鼠与AHR KO小鼠的MEF在病毒感染过程中I型干扰素释放的差异。结果显示,相比野生型小鼠,突变体小鼠的干扰素水平有明显的提高。相反地,突变体小鼠MEF中病毒的剩余载量相比野生型小鼠则明显下降。作者通过两种小鼠的BMDM进行试验,也得出了相似的结果。通过鼻腔注射的方式对小鼠进行肺部病毒感染,在检测肺积液中细胞因子的表达后,作者们也发现突变体小鼠样品中I型干扰素的水平高于突变体,相比之下,突变小鼠样品中的病毒载量则明显低于对照。此外,作者利用AHR的拮抗剂(CH-223191)对野生型小鼠的MEF进行刺激以阻断AHR的活性,之后进行病毒感染或者病毒核酸的刺激,结果显示,AHR的活性被阻断之后能够提高胞内I型干扰素的表达量。以上结果表明AHR能够负向调节细胞抗病毒I型干扰素的释放。

之后,作者利用AHR的内源性激活剂(Fyn,FICZ)刺激小鼠的MEF,之后进行病毒感染或病毒核算刺激,结果显示,在加入Fyn等激活剂后,病毒感染等刺激引起的胞内I型干扰素的释放将会下降,与此相反,如果人为地阻断Fyn的合成(利用一种能够抑制TDO活性的化合物)则能够有效提高I型干扰素的释放。作为对照,在AHR ko小鼠的MEF中则看不到上述表型。这一结果进一步证明了AHR在受到内源性激活剂的刺激后能够对抗病毒免疫反应产生负向的调节。

为了搞清楚AHR是直接还是间接地影响I型干扰素的生成,作者利用了一种能够非特异性抑制蛋白合成的抑制剂(放线菌酮,CHX)。结果显示,在加入CHX之后,Kyn不再能够抑制I型干扰素的释放,这一结果暗示了AHR激活之后可能通过调节其它基因的表达从而产生抑制的效应。之后,作者通过RNAi的手段筛选了可能参与这一信号通路的AHR下游的靶基因,发现一种叫做TIPARP的基因其表达被抑制之后能够阻断kyn的效应。

TIPARP能够编码一种蛋白质核糖基化酶,同源的另外一个蛋白ZC3HAV1,此前已经被报道参与了抗病毒的免疫反应。通过RT-PCR手段,作者发现Kyn刺激之后TIPARP的表达量得到了提升。而在AHR缺失突变小鼠中TIPARP的表达则完全消失。通过对TIPARP缺失突变的细胞进行直接分析,作者们发现突变体细胞相比野生性细胞在受到病毒感染后I型干扰素的表达量得到了明显的提升。相比之下,病毒载量则呈相反的趋势。以上结果表明TIPARP同样负向调控了抗病毒免疫反应。

最后,作者们发现TIPARP能够通过核糖基化修饰作用抑制TBK的活性,从而抑制了I型干扰素的产生。

原始出处

Taisho Yamada, Hiromasa Horimoto, Takeshi Kameyama, Sumio Hayakawa, Hiroaki Yamato, Masayoshi Dazai, Ayato Takada, Hiroshi Kida, Debbie Bott, Angela C Zhou, David Hutin, Tania H Watts, Masahiro Asaka, Jason Matthews & Akinori Takaoka.Constitutive aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling constrains type I interferon-mediated antiviral innate defense.Nat Immunol.2016

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    2016-12-06 liye789132251
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    2016-05-25 yahu