Cell Host & Microbe:人体很大的防御器官需要维生素A才能起作用

2019-05-27 佚名 生物通

饮食中缺乏维生素A的人更容易受到皮肤感染困扰,但维生素如何影响皮肤免疫力尚不清楚。在Cell子刊《Cell Host & Microbe》发表的一项研究中,德州大学西南分校的研究人员发现了一种以前未知的表皮杀菌蛋白,这种蛋白需要维生素才能起作用。


饮食中缺乏维生素A的人更容易受到皮肤感染困扰,但维生素如何影响皮肤免疫力尚不清楚。在Cell子刊《Cell Host & Microbe》发表的一项研究中,德州大学西南分校的研究人员发现了一种以前未知的表皮杀菌蛋白,这种蛋白需要维生素才能起作用。

研究人员发现抵抗素样分子(resistin-like molecule,RELM)家族中的一种蛋白质——RELMα——可以作为一种抗生素快速杀死细菌。小鼠制造的RELMα和相应的人类RELM家族蛋白都由膳食维生素A刺激。

“RELMα是抗菌蛋白中,首个被证明需要膳食维生素A才能杀死细菌的。这一发现为我们提供了一个重要线索,即皮肤如何防御感染,以及如何通过饮食调节皮肤防御,”文章作者、免疫学主席Lora Hooper博士说。

皮肤科医生使用合成维生素A(称为维甲酸)来治疗痤疮、银屑病和其他皮肤疾病,尽管这些药物的作用方式一直是个谜。

“皮肤是人体最大的器官,负责保护我们免受感染,”皮肤病和免疫学助理教授Tamia Harris Tryon博士说。

“如果皮肤免疫系统崩溃,就会导致感染。来自链球菌等细菌的皮肤感染是人们来到急诊室的最常见原因之一,”在Hooper实验室完成博士后培训的医生科学家Harris-Tryon博士补充说。

Hooper博士以其对寄生在肠道中的共生细菌或“好”细菌的研究著称,好细菌有助于消化和控制感染。

Hooper博士说,研究小组在人体组织和小鼠身上,证明了饮食和皮肤先天免疫之间一种以前不被认可的联系,提示了为什么维生素A衍生物是治疗皮肤病的有效方法。

除了确定RELMα的独特特征——它需要膳食维生素A杀死细菌,研究小组还发现,饮食中缺乏维生素A的小鼠没有产生RELMα。研究人员还发现,与普通小鼠相比,缺少RELMα的小鼠更容易感染,皮肤表面上的细菌种类也不同。

Harris Tryon博士补充道:考虑到维甲酸类药物在皮肤病学中的使用频率,我们的研究结果的意义可能是巨大的。皮肤是我们和环境之间的重要接口,保护我们免受感染和炎症。了解细菌和微生物群(与我们一起生活的细菌群的术语)如何影响皮肤疾病(如银屑病和痤疮)的研究才刚刚起步。我们的工作有助于定义皮肤用来在微生物群和宿主之间建立健康关系的分子。”

为了研究微生物群如何影响免疫力,研究人员使用Hooper博士的无菌小鼠品系(从出生时就没有接触过细菌的小鼠)并确定当这些小鼠接触到细菌时开启的基因。

Harris-Tryon博士解释说:“当皮肤遇到细菌时,细胞会做出反应,产生有助于保护皮肤免受感染的分子。”

研究人员也提出了一些警告:

“这项研究让我们更好地了解了饮食如何影响皮肤抵御细菌感染的能力,但需要更多的研究来确定这些发现如何影响患有炎症性皮肤病(如痤疮和银屑病)的患者。”

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    2019-06-03 xjy02
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    2019-05-31 维他命
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    2019-05-29 wwzzly