混合性结缔组织病患者的肺动脉高压患病率为什么较高?

2022-03-17 刘少飞 MedSci原创

使用甲襞视频毛细血管镜 (NVC) 研究 MCTD 患者微血管病变的临床意义。

混合性结缔组织病 (MCTD) 是一种自身免疫性疾病,其特征是血清抗 U1 核糖核蛋白 (U1 RNP) 抗体滴度高,并具有系统性红斑狼疮 (SLE)、系统性硬化症 (SSc) 和特发性炎性肌病 (IIM) 的重叠临床特征 )。 在大多数 MCTD 病例中观察到雷诺现象,并且已知伴有肺动脉高压 (PAH) 对 70 MCTD 患者死亡率的影响最大。 因此,微血管病变可能是 MCTD 发病的关键潜在机制之一。混合性结缔组织病 (MCTD) 表现为微血管病变和系统性红斑狼疮 (SLE)、系统性硬化症 (SSc) 和特发性炎性肌病 (IIM) 的重叠临床特征。本研究的目的是使用甲襞视频毛细血管镜 (NVC) 研究 MCTD 患者微血管病变的临床意义。

研究方法:

50 名新诊断和未经治疗的 MCTD 患者参加了这项多中心、前瞻性和观察性研究。在基线和干预后 1 年后评估临床特征和 NVC 发现,以及疾病控制 [SLE ( n  = 40)、SSc ( n  = 70) 和 IIM ( n  = 50)]。

研究结果:

所有MCTD患者均出现雷诺现象,抗U1核糖核蛋白抗体阳性,22.0%(11/50)有肺动脉高压(PAH)。MCTD中NVC硬皮病的患病率为38.0%,低于SSc(88.6%),但高于SLE(10.0%)。

此外,当我们根据是否存在 NVC 硬皮病模式将 MCTD 患者分为两组时,我们发现 NVC 硬皮病模式患者的 PAH 患病率较高。即,在所有患有 PAH 的 MCTD 患者中观察到 NVC 硬皮病模式,在没有 PAH 的患者中观察到 21.0%。强化免疫抑制治疗后,NVC 硬皮病模式在一半 MCTD 患者中消失,但在 SSc 患者中没有改变。

研究结论:

MCTD 与 SLE、SSc 和 IIM 的不同之处在于 NVC 硬皮病模式对免疫抑制治疗的患病率和反应性。检测 MCTD 中的甲襞微血管异常有助于预测 PAH 并帮助我们进一步了解 MCTD 的发病机制。

临床启示:

混合性结缔组织病(MCTD)中甲襞微血管异常的发生率低于SSc。甲襞微血管异常与 MCTD 中的肺动脉高压有关。大约一半的 MCTD 患者的甲襞微血管异常在免疫抑制治疗后得到改善。

 

参考文献:

Todoroki Y, Kubo S, Nakano K, Miyazaki Y, Ueno M, Satoh-Kanda Y, Kanda R, Miyagawa I, Hanami K, Nakatsuka K, Saito K, Nakayamada S, Tanaka Y. Nailfold microvascular abnormalities are associated with a higher prevalence of pulmonary arterial hypertension in patients with MCTD. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2022 Mar 14:keac165. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac165. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35285493.

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