Lancet Diabetes Endo:糖尿病患者是否需要更积极的降脂方案?

2019-08-10 国际糖尿病编辑部 国际糖尿病

目前动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病仍然是糖尿病患者的主要死亡原因,通常比非糖尿病患者早10年发生。既往发生过心肌梗死的糖尿病患者的动脉粥样硬化事件的复发率非常高,即使在调整了其他心血管危险因素后,死亡率仍是非糖尿病患者的两倍。

目前动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病仍然是糖尿病患者的主要死亡原因,通常比非糖尿病患者早10年发生。既往发生过心肌梗死糖尿病患者的动脉粥样硬化事件的复发率非常高,即使在调整了其他心血管危险因素后,死亡率仍是非糖尿病患者的两倍。一般来说,糖尿病患者的低密度脂蛋白(LDL)胆固醇浓度通常不会显著升高,但他们循环中的LDL颗粒往往较小且密度较高,而且他们的甘油三酯含量往往会升高,HDL胆固醇浓度也较低。最近,The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology杂志上有学者针对糖尿病患者降脂治疗发表了最新的评论。

他汀类药物经久不衰,新型降脂药结局喜人

用积极的降LDL胆固醇疗法取代针对高甘油三酯和低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的全面血脂管理,是否是降低糖尿病患者动脉粥样硬化性心血管风险的最佳方法,目前仍存在争议。对LDL胆固醇的关注得到了来自大型他汀类药物结局试验证据的支持,这些证据表明,降低LDL胆固醇可以减少糖尿病患者的主要心血管事件,而事件的减少与基线LDL胆固醇浓度无关。目前,尽管有高强度的他汀类药物治疗,糖尿病患者的心血管风险仍然存在,进一步降低LDL胆固醇或许也是有价值的。依折麦布的临床疗效在大约有30%的糖尿病患者人群中进行的IMPROVE-IT试验中被肯定。值得注意的是,尽管依折麦布仅能进一步小幅降低LDL胆固醇(0.43 mmol/L),但心血管获益仍然是显而易见的,尤其是对糖尿病患者,对糖尿病合并多血管疾病患者更是如此。

最新的一类降LDL胆固醇药物PCSK9抑制剂,也被证明在降低糖尿病患者的LDL胆固醇方面非常有效。Kausik Ray的研究团队在The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology报告的ODYSSEY OUTCOMES研究评估了PCSK9抑制剂alirocumab对糖尿病或者非糖尿病患者的心血管结局的影响。在18 924例近期患有急性冠状动脉综合征的受试者中,5444例(28.8%)患有糖尿病(绝大多数为2型糖尿病),8246例(43.6%)患有糖尿病前期,5234例(27.7%)血糖正常。使用alirocumab治疗4个月后,LDL胆固醇浓度降低了0.8mmol/L(中位数)。经过近3年的随访,不同血糖分层的糖尿病患者中主要终点(死于冠心病,非致死性心肌梗死,致死/非致死性缺血性卒中,或需要住院的不稳定心绞痛)相对风险的降低没有显著差异,但基线患糖尿病者(-2.3%)与前驱糖尿病患者(-1.2%)及无糖尿病者(-1.2%)相比相对风险度的降低却更显著。这一发现与另一个PCSK9抑制剂evolocumab的FOURIER研究类似,FOURIER研究也显示evolocumab治疗使LDL胆固醇浓度降低了0.8 mmol/L(中位数),糖尿病患者(-2.7%)主要心血管复合终点的相对风险度降低幅度大于非糖尿病患者(-1.6%)。

糖尿病患者的LDL胆固醇指标是否应该进一步降低?

在我们等待新药物的研究结果的同时,我们的目标是积极降低糖尿病患者的LDL胆固醇,因为糖尿病患者的心血管疾病风险很高,而使心血管获益的LDL胆固醇下降并没有下限。因此,推荐大多数糖尿病患者要降低LDL胆固醇,特别是那些合并心血管疾病的人。一线治疗仍然是选择一种强效的他汀类药物,如有必要,还可加用依折麦布。对他汀类药物耐受的患者、现有治疗LDL胆固醇浓度不能达标的患者,或有进展性动脉粥样硬化患者,应考虑添加PCSK9抑制剂。

原始出处:
Frederick JRaal,FarzahnaMohamed. More aggressive lipid lowering in people with diabetes?. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology. Aug 2019.

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    2019-08-27 howi
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    2019-08-10 misszhang

    谢谢MedSci提供最新的资讯

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