CIHFC2019丨心力衰竭生物标志物研究现状与进展

2019-06-25 国际循环编辑部 国际循环

编者按:临床实践中,心力衰竭(HF)的诊断及预后预测都离不开生物标志物所提供的重要讯息。那么,心力衰竭生物标志物领域近年来取得哪些研究进展?我们应如何利用好传统及新型生物标志物进行心力衰竭的诊断、预后预测甚至是指导治疗?6月21日,在CIHFC 2019年会上,河北医科大学第二医院李拥军教授从心力衰竭的病理生理机制入手,解析心力衰竭生物标志物研究现状及进展。

编者按:临床实践中,心力衰竭(HF)的诊断及预后预测都离不开生物标志物所提供的重要讯息。那么,心力衰竭生物标志物领域近年来取得哪些研究进展?我们应如何利用好传统及新型生物标志物进行心力衰竭的诊断、预后预测甚至是指导治疗?6月21日,在CIHFC 2019年会上,河北医科大学第二医院李拥军教授从心力衰竭的病理生理机制入手,解析心力衰竭生物标志物研究现状及进展。
 
 
河北医科大学第二医院 李拥军教授
 
心力衰竭的病理及生物标志物分类特点
 
心肌负荷增大、心肌细胞损伤、心脏重构与纤维化、神经内分泌系统的激活、炎症反应和氧化应激等多重因素共同参与心力衰竭的发生和发展。
 
心力衰竭生物学标志物能反映心力衰竭的病理进程,如室壁应激、血流动力学异常、炎症心肌损伤、神经激素上调、心肌重塑和细胞外基质改变等,有助于心力衰竭的早期诊断、治疗及预后评估。心力衰竭标志物按病理生理机制可分为神经内分泌激素类、心肌损伤和应力相关分子类、炎症及氧化应激相关分子类。概述生物标志物在心力衰竭进展中释放的特点可见,早期应力相关分子大量释放,然后,随着心脏结构的改变,炎症、心脏重构相关分子持续大量分泌。
 
 
生物标志物的临床应用
 
关于临床应用,单独测量BNP/NT-proBNP、TnI/TnT对心力衰竭的预后、危险分层均具有重要的预测价值。新型生物标志物如可溶性ST2、半乳糖凝集素3(Gal-3)、生长分化因子-15(GDF15)或肾功能标志物,单独多采用多标志物联合评价的策略可能有助于为心力衰竭提供额外的风险分层。
 
BNP/NT-proBNP
 
当心室压力或容量负荷增加导致室壁应力增加时,心肌产生并分泌BNP/NT-proBNP。两者来自于同一前体proBNP。其中,BNP具有生物活性,可通过利尿、利钠调节水盐平衡、舒张血管和抑制RAAS系统的激活;NT-proBNP无生物活性且半衰期比BNP长,临床上更易测定。但不同的研究及指南所推荐的BNP/NT-proBNP对心力衰竭的诊断标准及危险分层阈值有所不同。近期有研究显示,与基于症状的治疗相比,BNP指导的治疗可降低心力衰竭的再住院率,但并不能降低全因死亡率及全因再住院率。此外,BNP/NT-proBNP水平受多种因素如BMI、年龄、肾功能或心房颤动等基础疾病等多种因素的影响,故临床工作中需联合其他有利生物标志物以增加对心力衰竭诊断及预后判断的准确性。
 
sST2
 
sST2属于白介素受体家族成员,心力衰竭发生时室壁应力增加,心肌大量分泌sST2;sST2作为诱骗受体可诱导IL-33与其结合,抑制IL-33/ST2L介导的抗心肌肥大、心肌纤维化及心肌凋亡的作用。sST2是心肌细胞肥大和纤维化的标志,且不受年龄、肾功能损害和体重指数等因素的影响,在心力衰竭中具有较高的应用价值。有荟萃分析显示,对急性及慢性心力衰竭患者,sST2对急性心力衰竭患者全因死亡率和心源性死亡均具有较高的预测价值。对于右心心力衰竭患者,研究发现,sST2与肺动脉高压严重程度相关,与心律失常右室心肌病相关,与右心房面积相关。但目前sST2预测心血管疾病可能风险的临界值尚不明确,是否需要制定基于性别或年龄的阈值也尚无定论。有研究提出,以28 ng/ml作为sST2预测全因、心血管死亡及心力衰竭再入院率的临界值。PARADIGM-HF临床试验以sST2中位数32.2 ng/ml为阈值对不良事件进行预测。此外,研究发现,对社区心肌梗死患者,若出现sST2升高,则死亡和心力衰竭风险增大,且与其他预后指标无关。这提示,心肌梗死后的危险分层应考虑sST2的测量。最新研究显示,重复sST2测量是急性心力衰竭患者预后的强力预测因素。
 
GDF15
 
GDF15是转化生长因子的细胞因子超家族成员,生理状态下在心肌表达程度很低,但受到炎症、氧化应激、机械牵拉、缺血缺氧刺激时,GDF-15表达量会显著升高。近期,有研究发现,GDF15与心血管不良事件密切相关,对心力衰竭有较高的预测价值,仅次于NT-proBNP。此外,研究发现,GDF15与心力衰竭 NYHA分级III和IV、ACCF/AHA stage D密切相关。因此,GDF15是一个极具潜力的心力衰竭危险分层预测指标。多项研究提示,其与NT-proBNP等其他生物标志物联用可改善医生对心力衰竭的诊断和预后预测。不过,其对心血管疾病危险分层的临界值也尚未定论,尚需更多研究来提供更可靠的信息。
 
总结与展望
 
BNP/NT-proBNP、肌钙蛋白等经典心力衰竭标志物在心力衰竭诊断、鉴别诊断及预后评估等方面得到广泛应用。sST2、GDF15等新型标志物的应用也有助于心力衰竭患者的危险分层,但同时也尚需更多研究提供更可靠的临床证据。单一心力衰竭标志物在临床指标基础上的预测价值有限,多指标物联合策略有助于提供更准确、更客观的临床信息;标志物指导治疗是否优于症状指导治疗尚需更多临床研究证实。

 

 

 

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    2019-06-27 龙胆草

    学习谢谢分享

    0

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    2019-06-26 130****4638

    医学的进步必定给人类带来好处。

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2058752, encodeId=cae92058e52f1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fcd7e341590' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#研究现状#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73415, encryptionId=fcd7e341590, topicName=研究现状)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c6fc262, createdName=zhangmingxiang, createdTime=Fri Dec 20 19:33:00 CST 2019, time=2019-12-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1841400, encodeId=aa36184140036, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=18bf61953d3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#标志物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=61953, encryptionId=18bf61953d3, topicName=标志物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6ab940, createdName=hukaixun, createdTime=Sun Nov 03 03:33:00 CST 2019, time=2019-11-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1560832, encodeId=45ef15608328c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3c746936567' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#生物标志#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=21, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=69365, encryptionId=3c746936567, topicName=生物标志)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=63db15173977, createdName=zhu_jun9842, createdTime=Thu Jun 27 13:33:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1566841, encodeId=cb96156684198, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3c746936567' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#生物标志#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=69365, encryptionId=3c746936567, topicName=生物标志)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=63db15173977, createdName=zhu_jun9842, createdTime=Thu Jun 27 13:33:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=368450, encodeId=332a368450f6, content=学习谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4Nd44v3xHnnictn9UpctwtH62EPQ59TMdI9lnqHMgQ16nH7GmGCfpzicsHgjibYVk6vwSpXrC86gMibRkoaIzf5HwSz7/0, createdBy=78cc1691107, createdName=龙胆草, createdTime=Thu Jun 27 07:58:08 CST 2019, time=2019-06-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=368368, encodeId=c377368368ab, content=医学的进步必定给人类带来好处。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=00501987275, createdName=130****4638, createdTime=Wed Jun 26 06:47:17 CST 2019, time=2019-06-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=368362, encodeId=feb236836298, content=期待尽快评估,能够临床应用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83eplE0ibU6ibojd8kldo3Cwhz7J5SP84VgZDUp1EHRWUBcM1QhpLZDfg6Leicuur1ENOctnNcHuGe7ppg/132, createdBy=ace52434990, createdName=158C71s1656, createdTime=Wed Jun 26 05:50:39 CST 2019, time=2019-06-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=368353, encodeId=a86236835399, content=希望有用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=39ef2044909, createdName=zmj4567, createdTime=Wed Jun 26 00:07:01 CST 2019, time=2019-06-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=368351, encodeId=a9a536835102, content=好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0aa31415219, createdName=orangesking, createdTime=Tue Jun 25 23:19:27 CST 2019, time=2019-06-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-06-26 158C71s1656

    期待尽快评估,能够临床应用

    0

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    2019-06-26 zmj4567

    希望有用

    0

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    2019-06-25 orangesking

    0

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