J Neurosci:焦虑症,是会遗传的

2018-08-04 佚名 中国生物技术网

科学家们通过研究数百只与遗传有关非人灵长类动物的大脑,已经确定了与焦虑相关的大脑区域和网络。他们还发现,这些大脑区域连通性变化是可遗传的。

科学家们通过研究数百只与遗传有关非人灵长类动物的大脑,已经确定了与焦虑相关的大脑区域和网络。他们还发现,这些大脑区域连通性变化是可遗传的。

焦虑症是目前一个相当大的全球性问题,每5个成年人中就有1个受此影响,会显著影响个体的生活质量。焦虑症表现为强烈的紧张、忧虑,它还会导致生理学症状,如心率加快和颤抖。

与很多大脑疾病一样,我们对焦虑症的细节知之甚少,究竟是哪些细胞,哪些区域,哪些通路导致了焦虑障碍?因此,现在的药物都只是针对症状,而不是针对问题的根本原因。

最近的一项研究帮助我们理解了焦虑症背后的大脑化学机制,且向着更好的疗法迈进了一步。

基于过去的发现,美国威斯康辛大学医学院与公共卫生学院的研究人员们对近400只恒河猴的焦虑情况进行了研究。通过MRI扫描技术,他们发现了与焦虑相关的通路。这项研究近日已发表在《JNeurosci》上。

由Ned Kalin博士领导的科学家团队关注恒河猴在幼年时出现的行为抑制和焦虑情绪。他们认为这些特征很有意义,因为它们强烈预测了生命后期焦虑症的发展。理解这些特征的基础能够帮助人们弄清楚焦虑症是如何以及为什么会发生。

在早期基于MRI的研究中,Kalin博士及其团队确定了在产生过度焦虑行为中起作用的大脑网络。特别值得注意的是中枢延长杏仁核(大脑奖励系统的一部分),这个大脑网络包含一系列核,且所有的核都连接到杏仁核。

中枢延长杏仁核的两个主要区域是杏仁核的中央核(Ce)和纹状体末端的床核(BST)。这些紧密相连区域的代谢与焦虑性格的变化有关,换言之,Ce和BST能够预测某人的焦虑程度。

为了进一步研究,研究人员们首先评估了年轻猕猴的先天焦虑水平,具体方法是让它们暴露于人类入侵者面前并记录它们的行为,越是焦虑的猕猴,移动和发出声音的情况越少。科学家们还测量了猕猴的皮质醇水平作为衡量压力的标准。不出所料,焦虑程度高的猕猴在Ce和BST中的活动程度更高。

研究中使用的猕猴来自相同谱系,因此,它们在不同程度上都具有遗传相关性。由于它们的繁殖情况都被详细地记录,因此研究人员们知道这些猕猴之间的相互关系。这使得研究团队能够分析焦虑的遗传性到底如何,以及遗传性是否与大脑活动的变化相匹配。

他们发现,Ce和BST之间的连通程度确实是高度遗传的。

在这项研究中,相关遗传分析表明,Ce-BST之间的功能连通性和焦虑性格是共同通过家族树遗传下去的,这证实了这样一种假设,即Ce-BST之间的功能连通性和焦虑性格之间存在共同的分子基础。

该研究结果支持了这样一种理论,即Ce和BST之间的相互作用在特质性焦虑中非常重要,而且还进一步证实焦虑是可遗传的,并为研究指出了新的方向。

尽管并不能通过这些发现得到任何治疗焦虑症的新方法,但这也是向前迈进了一步。因为生命早期的焦虑能够预测成年后的心理健康,所以理解焦虑是如何产生的对于干预和预防焦虑症来说是非常重要的一步。

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    2018-08-20 1218eca1m92暂无昵称

    压力模型?

    0

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    2018-08-06 lsndxfj
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    2018-08-05 神功盖世

    学习

    0

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    2018-08-05 sunfeifeiyang

    学习

    0

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    2018-08-04 明天jing

    焦虑是当年年轻人的共同问题,需要认真对待。

    0

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    2018-08-04 神功盖世

    0

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