Science:研究发现,吃饭时间真的很重要,它影响生物钟与代谢健康

2020-08-02 生物技术君 中国生物技术网

每个细胞都有自己的生物钟,它们的相互作用对代谢健康发挥着至关重要的作用。众所周知,睡眠与饮食时间不规律容易患肥胖症和糖尿病等代谢疾病。然而,关于生物钟与饮食时间之间的相互作用科学家们仍知之甚少。

人体内几乎每个细胞都有自己的生物钟,它们的相互作用对代谢健康发挥着至关重要的作用。众所周知,睡眠与饮食时间不规律容易患肥胖症和糖尿病等代谢疾病。然而,关于生物钟与饮食时间之间的相互作用科学家们仍知之甚少,尤其是它对整体健康的影响。

发表在《Science》上的一项新研究中,来自宾夕法尼亚大学佩雷尔曼医学院的研究团队对这个问题提出了新的见解。

该研究通讯作者、糖尿病、肥胖和代谢研究所Mitchell Lazar教授说:“大脑内部的时钟与外围组织的时钟同步,该系统失调与代谢紊乱有关。但是,环境和遗传因素是如何控制外围组织的生物钟,以及不同细胞类型的生物钟之间是否存在通讯,在很大程度上还是未知的。”

为此,Lazar与博士后研究员Dongyin Guan领导的研究团队,建立了一种扰乱肝细胞内部生物钟的小鼠模型。肝脏是人体的代谢中枢,肝细胞是肝脏中主要的细胞类型。研究人员观察到成年小鼠肝细胞中核心时钟蛋白REV-ERBα和β的缺失破坏了一部分肝基因的昼夜节律,并改变了新生脂肪形成的昼夜节律。肝功能还受到非肝细胞的影响,并且肝细胞REV-ERB的丢失重塑了肝内多种细胞类型的节律转录组和代谢组。

简而言之,肝细胞节律性转录因子参与昼夜节律、激素分泌和脂质代谢。研究人员在小鼠血液中观察到的甘油三酯的积累,而这会增加患心脏病、糖尿病和中风的风险。

这些结果表明肝脏外周组织的内部时钟在维持代谢稳态中的重要性。

Guan说:“我们发现不同细胞类型之间的生物钟通讯,它暗示了以前无法理解的协调身体节律的方式。”

尽管昼夜周期会影响行为节律,比如睡眠,但新发现的证据表明,食物摄入是同步周围时钟的一个重要因素。最近的研究表明,有时间限制的饮食有利于新陈代谢,许多节食者因此尝试间歇性禁食来减肥。

Lazar的团队观察到,定时进食和肝脏内部时钟的完整性都改变了代谢节奏。具体而言,他们发现有将近一半的节律性基因受到内部时钟和小鼠进食时间的调节。

Lazar希望更好地了解食物是如何影响人体内部节律的,从而制定出优化的饮食计划,这对倒班的工作人员来说是一种重要的预防方法,对患有如肥胖和糖尿病等代谢疾病的患者来说也是一种潜在的治疗策略。

原始出处:
Dongyin Guan, Ying Xiong, Trang Minh Trinh,et al. The hepatocyte clock and feeding control chronophysiology of multiple liver cell types.Science. 2020 Jul 30;eaba8984. doi: 10.1126/science.aba8984.

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    2020-08-30 6ec

    mark

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    2020-08-04 jichang
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    2020-08-02 ms5000000568257380

    学习了

    0

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