Radiology:从解剖学和影像学的角度看跖趾关节类风湿性关节炎和腱鞘炎

2021-05-06 shaosai MedSci原创

类风湿关节炎(RA)是一种慢性自身免疫性疾病,其特征是滑膜关节炎症。由于MRI在显示滑膜炎、骨髓水肿(BME)、和腱鞘炎方面的高度敏感性,因此MRI是RA炎症早期检测的推荐检查手段。

类风湿关节炎(RA)是一种慢性自身免疫性疾病,其特征是滑膜关节炎症。由于MRI在显示滑膜炎、骨髓水肿(BME)、和腱鞘炎方面的高度敏感性,因此MRI是RA炎症早期检测的推荐检查手段。多项MRI研究表明,掌指关节和腕关节水平的腱鞘炎是有RA风险的患者的一种早期现象,可预测RA的进展,并且与其他原因的关节炎患者相比,这种现象在RA中的发生率很高。

肌腱鞘有助于防止肌腱损伤并协助肌肉承重。然而不是所有的肌腱都有鞘。其中,在解剖学文献中关于跖趾关节(MTP)是否存在腱鞘尚无共识。除了缺乏关于正常人体解剖的一致信息外,MTP关节肌腱水平炎症的患病率及其与RA的相关性尚不明确。

近日,发表在Radiology杂志的一项研究探讨了前脚腱鞘的解剖结构以及MRI检测的跖趾趾关节(MTP)腱鞘炎与RA之间的关系,为临床进一步阐明跖趾关节类风湿性关节炎和腱鞘炎的疾病进展及病理生理提供了有价值的参考依据。

对14例捐赠遗体的前足进行了屈肌腱和伸肌腱的检查,以确定肌腱鞘的存在和病程。本项前瞻性研究在2013年6月至2016年3月期间,对新出现的RA患者、其他早期关节炎患者以及健康对照者均进行了1-5个单侧MTP关节的MRI检查。由两个独立的阅读者通过MRI对腱鞘炎、滑膜炎和骨髓水肿进行评分。这些特征的存在与类风湿关节炎之间的联系通过logistic回归进行了检验。

在宏观上,所有穿过MTP关节的伸肌腱和屈肌腱均显示有鞘包绕。镜下可见滑膜鞘。对634名参与者进行了MRI评估:157名新发RA患者(109名女性;平均年龄59±11岁),其他早期关节炎284例(158名女性;平均年龄56岁±17岁),193名健康对照组参与者(136名女性;平均年龄50岁±16岁)。无论与患有其他关节炎的患者(优势比[OR],2.5;95%置信区间[CI]: 1.7、3.9;P < .001)还是健康对照组参与者(OR, 46;95% CI: 14,151;P <.001)进行比较,MRI检测到的腱鞘炎均与RA相关。屈肌腱相关性OR为2.4 (95% CI: 1.5, 3.8;P < .001),伸肌腱OR为3.1 (95% CI: 1.9, 5.2;P < .001)。在RA患者中腱鞘炎的敏感性为65/157 (41%;95%CI: 35%, 50%)。与其他关节炎相比,RA的特异性为63/284 (78%;95% CI: 72%, 82%);与健康对照组参与者相比,RA的特异性为3/193(98%;95% CI: 96%, 99%)。

 

图1 新诊断的类风湿关节炎患者、其他早期关节炎患者以及健康对照组参与者的每个跖趾关节(MTP)出现(a)屈肌腱和(b)伸肌腱滑膜炎的频率。

 

图2 3例不同患者的前足1.5T增强MRI(a, b, c)轴位和(d, e, f)冠状位图像。轴位序列显示腱鞘炎呈鞘状。(a, b, e)图像显示跖趾关节(MTP)1的伸肌腱滑膜炎。(a, d)从MTP 1水平到跖骨1基部可见拇长伸肌腱(EHL)的圆形强化,符合腱鞘炎(箭头所指)。(b, e) EHL肌腱环形增强(箭头),MTP 1并发滑膜炎,伴有皮肤水肿和内侧皮下炎(箭头)。(c, f) MTP关节1、3、4和5的拇屈肌腱和指总屈肌腱呈圆形强化,符合屈肌腱滑膜炎(箭头所示)。MTP5(箭头)处同时存在滑膜炎。

本项解剖成像研究表明,在宏观和微观上跖趾关节屈肌和伸肌侧均具有滑膜肌腱鞘,MRI显示的跖趾关节腱鞘炎十分直观且清晰,并与类风湿性关节炎相关。本项研究表明,MRI显示的跖趾关节腱鞘炎是类风湿关节炎的一个特征,这增加了我们对类风湿关节炎患者足部所涉及的组织病理改变的认识,并为进一步的病理生理学改变的相关研究铺平了道路。

原文出处:

Yousra J Dakkak,Friso P Jansen,Marco C DeRuiter,et al.Rheumatoid Arthritis and Tenosynovitis at the Metatarsophalangeal Joints: An Anatomic and MRI Study of the Forefoot Tendon Sheaths.DOI:10.1148/radiol.2020191725

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    2021-05-08 lmm397
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    2021-05-06 王大妮妮

    前脚腱鞘的解剖结构以及MRI检测的跖趾趾关#学习#

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