KIDNEY INT REP:HIV-1感染患者肾脏APOL1基因变异风险和肾功能情况

2021-10-22 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

具有高危基因型的患者肾功能下降更快,缺乏持续病毒学抑制的患者肾功能下降更大。

联合国艾滋病联合规划署(UNAIDS)估计,2019年全球艾滋病毒感染者(PLHIV)人数为3800万,其中非洲占三分之二(2570万),主要为撒哈拉以南地区。抗逆转录病毒治疗显著降低了艾滋病的发病率和死亡率。然而,随着PLHIV预期寿命的增加,非传染性并存疾病,如血管、代谢和肾脏疾病也增加了。

据估计,全世界PLHIV中慢性肾脏疾病(CKD)患病率为6.4%,西非为14.6% 。CKD的发生使PLHIV的死亡风险增加了两倍在美国,非洲裔美国人患艾滋病相关肾病(HIVAN)的可能性是欧洲人的10到18倍。值得注意的是,在未经治疗的非洲裔PLHIV患者中,APOL1高危基因型与HIVAN密切相关一项针对非裔美国人PLHIV的研究表明,具有高危基因型的患者肾功能下降更快,缺乏持续病毒学抑制的患者肾功能下降更大。

简单来说,APOL1 G1和G2等位基因与非洲黑人HIV感染者(PLHIV)的肾脏相关结果相关。西非PLHIV中尚未报告与APOL1相关的肾脏风险数据,但在那里已经观察到高APOL1等位基因频率。本研究将首次提供西非和中非接受治疗的PLHIV患者中APOL1风险变异的分布及其对肾功能的影响的数据。

本研究为一项观察性队列研究。研究者收集了布基纳法索(n=413)和ANRS-12169/2LADY试验中随访的PLHIV的临床数据。采用TaqMan方法对APOL1 G1和G2危险变异进行基因分型,并通过携带两个危险等位基因确定APOL1高危基因型(HR)。

研究发现,在西非(布基纳法索和塞内加尔),G1和G2等位基因频率分别为13.3%和10.7%。在喀麦隆(中非),G1和G2频率分别为8.7%和8.9%。西非和喀麦隆的APOL1 HR患病率分别为4.9%和3.4%。随着时间的推移,APOL1 HR与eGFR的变化没有直接联系。然而,在2LADY队列参与者中,同时有APOL1 HR和高基线病毒载量的患者eGFR进展更快(β=-3.9[-7.7;-0.1] ml/min/1.73m2 /年,p;0.05),比低风险基因型和低病毒载量的患者更快。

基线HIV病毒载量和APOL1风险状态下eGFR随时间的变化

总体而言,西非国家PLHIV中的APOL1风险等位基因频率高于喀麦隆,但远低于此前在一些尼日利亚族裔群体中报告的频率,还需未来在非洲进一步调查以明确证实。这项研究还表明病毒学状态可以调节APOL1对肾功能的影响,也说明了早期治疗干预的必要性。

参考文献:Kabore NF, Cournil A, Poda A, Ciaffi L, Binns-Roemer E, David V, EymardDuvernay S, Zoungrana J, Semde A, Sawadogo AB, Koulla-Shiro S, Kouanfack C, Gueye NFN, Meda N, Winkler C, Limou S, APOL1 renal risk variants and kidney function in HIV-1 infected people from subSaharan Africa, Kidney International Reports (2021), doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ekir.2021.10.009.

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    2022-09-18 yese
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    2021-10-24 gwc389

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