Cell:范可尼贫血基因也在自噬和免疫中发挥功能

2016-05-04 生物谷 生物谷

2016年5月3日/生物谷BIOON/--在一项新的研究中,来自美国德州大学西南医学中心(UTMC)、印第安纳大学医学院和三家欧洲科研机构的研究人员鉴定出范可尼贫血(Fanconi anemia, FA)途径中的基因的重要新功能,这一发现可能对开发用于治疗这种疾病和一些癌症的新疗法产生影响。相关研究结果于2016年4月28日在线发表在Cell期刊上,论文标题为“Fanconi Anemia

2016年5月3日/生物谷BIOON/--在一项新的研究中,来自美国德州大学西南医学中心(UTMC)、印第安纳大学医学院和三家欧洲科研机构的研究人员鉴定出范可尼贫血(Fanconi anemia, FA)途径中的基因的重要新功能,这一发现可能对开发用于治疗这种疾病和一些癌症的新疗法产生影响。相关研究结果于2016年4月28日在线发表在Cell期刊上,论文标题为“Fanconi Anemia Proteins Function in Mitophagy and Immunity”。

范可尼贫血(FA)是一种无法治愈的血液疾病,是由19种FA基因中的任何一种发生突变导致的,它的发病率是1/130000。FA基因突变能够导致出生缺陷、认知损伤、骨髓功能衰竭相关的血液疾病和包括儿童白血病在内的癌症、过早老化和其他异常。

论文第一作者、UTMC自噬研究中心内科讲师Rhea Sumpter博士说,FA途径中的基因突变也能够在未患上这种疾病的癌症患者中发现到。这些突变包括FANCS(也被称作BRCA1)基因突变和FANCD1(也被称作BRCA2)基因突变,这些突变不论一个人是否患上FA,都极大地增加这些人患上家族性乳腺癌卵巢癌的风险。

在这项研究中,研究人员发现FA基因是选择性自噬所必需的。特别地,人FANCC基因在两种类型的选择性自噬中发挥着关键性作用:移除细胞内的病毒(即病毒自噬, virophagy)和移除受损的被称作线粒体的细胞组分(mitophagy, 线粒体自噬)。这项针对小鼠的新研究证实很多FA途径蛋白是线粒体自噬所必需的。

研究人员也发现人FANCC基因的啮齿类动物版本是抗病毒宿主防御和线粒体稳定性所必需的,而且也是通过移除受损线粒体来抑制先天免疫系统中被称作炎性体(inflammasome)的受体的过度激活所必需的。

论文通信作者、UTMC自噬研究中心主任Beth Levine博士说,“越来越多的证据证实细胞不能够合适地清除受损线粒体会导致炎性体的异常激活---这一过程是很多不同疾病的重要促进者。” Levine博士补充道,“关于FA基因在清除线粒体和降低炎性体激活中发挥功能的发现提供一种潜在新的靶向炎性体的疗法来治疗与FA基因突变相关的疾病。”

之前已知FA途径中的基因在DNA修复中发挥作用。这种与自噬的新关联有助更好地理解这些基因在人类健康和疾病中发挥的功能。

Sumpter博士说,“我们的发现提示着FA基因突变的一种可能导致范可尼贫血病人临床症状和FA基因发生突变的病人患上癌症的新机制。我们证实FA基因在选择性自噬中的这种新功能并不依赖于它们在DNA修复中的作用。”

此外,Levine博士说, FA基因在自噬途径中发挥的功能可能部分上解释着为何范可尼贫血病人特别容易遭受感染和患上癌症。

尽管还需进一步开展研究来理解这些发现如何可能被用来治疗疾病,但是研究人员鉴定出一种新途径来开发出潜在的疗法来治疗范可尼贫血和癌症。

Sumpter博士说,“我认为根据我们的研究结果,人们最有可能开发出靶向炎性体和白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)产生的新试剂。在临床上,利用已被美国FDA批准的药物靶向IL-1β信号途径非常成功地治疗几种涉及炎性体过度激活的自身炎性疾病。我们的结果提示着FA患者也可能受益于这些疗法。”

原始出处:

Rhea Sumpter Jr., Shyam Sirasanagandla, Álvaro F. Fernández, Yongjie Wei, Xiaonan Dong, Luis Franco, Zhongju Zou, Christophe Marchal, Ming Yeh Lee, D. Wade Clapp, Helmut Hanenberg, Beth Levine.Fanconi Anemia Proteins Function in Mitophagy and Immunity. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2016.04.006

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    2016-10-16 维他命
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    2016-05-06 Jin Chou

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       范可尼贫血(Fanconi anemia)是一种隐性遗传疾病,每35万个婴儿中就有一人患病。该病让细胞不能修复DNA损伤。因为修复能力的缺乏,范可尼贫血症患者是很多癌症的高危人群,尤其是白血病以及头部和颈部癌症。        更糟糕的是,这种疾病使得病人不能使用一大类癌症药物,这类药物(