JNNP:神经丝、CHIT1、YKL-40和MCP-1在肌萎缩侧索硬化患者中的预后关系

2022-01-03 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

肌萎缩侧索硬化 (ALS) 是一种神经退行性疾病,其特征是大脑、脑干和脊髓中的运动神经元进行性丧失。这会导致进行性肌肉无力和消瘦。 C9orf72 基因的重复扩增是 ALS 和额颞叶痴呆最常见的遗传原

肌萎缩侧索硬化 (ALS) 是一种神经退行性疾病,其特征是大脑、脑干和脊髓中的运动神经元进行性丧失。这会导致进行性肌肉无力和消瘦。 C9orf72 基因的重复扩增是 ALS 和额颞叶痴呆最常见的遗传原因。表征该疾病各个方面的生物标志物正在出现,并正在成为临床研究中的重要指标。脑脊液 (CSF) 和血液中的神经丝 (Nfs) 已显示可反映运动神经元变性的程度并预测 ALS (pALS) 患者的存活率。

然而,Nfs 并未涵盖 ALS 病理的全部范围.事实上,炎症是 ALS 中另一个突出的病理标志。炎症以神经胶质细胞激活和先天性和适应性免疫系统的其他细胞的激活为特征,是 ALS 中非细胞自主神经变性的关键组成部分。 神经炎症反应最初可能有助于维持脑内稳态,但最终可能成为神经毒性反应。 已经在 ALS 中研究了多种炎症标志物。选择了三种在 ALS 诊断和预后水平上具有良好表现的神经炎症标志物:壳三糖苷酶 (CHIT1)、几丁质酶3样蛋白 1 (YKL-40) 和单核细胞趋化蛋白 (MCP-1)。

CHIT1 主要由髓系细胞和 YKL-40 由反应性星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞产生。MCP-1 促进外周免疫细胞迁移到炎症部位并激活小胶质细胞,使其进入激活的神经毒性状态。CHIT1、YKL-40 的 CSF 水平和 MCP-1 在 pALS 中升高,可以预测更短的生存期。 然而,Nfs 之间的关系,包括神经丝轻链 (NfL) 和磷酸化神经丝重链 (pNfH),神经胶质标志物包括 CHIT1 和 YKL-40,以及就预测生存而言,pALS 中的 MCP-1 在很大程度上尚未得到探索。本研究的主要目的是调查这些标志物对生存预测的相对贡献。此外,研究了它们从 pALS 中区分疾病对照和无症状 C9orf72 重复扩增携带者 (asymp-C9) 的性能,以及不同生物标志物之间的相关性。本文发表在《神经病学,神经外科学和精神病学杂志》上(

在两个中心招募了 pALS患者。包括散发性 ALS (sALS)、由 C9orf72 重复扩增引起的 ALS (C9-ALS) 以及 asymp-C9。 Bethesda 队列的人口统计数据(BETH),包括 C9-ALS、FTD-C9 和 asymp-C9。首先进行了生存分析。单变量生存分析证实,每个标记分别预测生存。 对于该分析,LEU-pALS 的所有五种生物标志物都包含在 Cox 回归分析中,并应用了逐步向后方法。 NfL 和 YKL-40 是 pALS 生存的显着独立预测因子。接下来,根据 NfL 和 YKL-40 的生物标志物谱,将所有 LEU-pALS 分为四组。为此,根据整个队列中给定生物标志物的中位数(对于 NfL=7922 pg/mL,对于 YKL-40=329 ng),将每个生物标志物的 LEU-pALS 分为具有低或高生物标志物浓度。与 NfL 和 YKL-40 水平低的患者相比,NfL 和 YKL-40 水平升高的患者的生存期显着缩短。包括这四组的 Kaplan-Meier 生存分析证实了这些发现(χ²=23.43,p<0.0001)。当 pNfH 与 YKL-40 结合时,也发现了类似的结果(在线补充图 1)。这些数据表明,可以使用反映几个关键病理特征的生物标志物的组合,根据它们的中值,来识别具有不同生存情况的患者亚组。

NfL 和 YKL-40 水平的组合预测肌萎缩侧索硬化患者的存活率
为了进一步探索这些生物标志物在预测生存方面的关系,将这些生物标志物纳入了一个模型中,该模型包含八个已建立的预后因素(延髓与非延髓发病、发病年龄、存在明确的 ALS、诊断延迟、用力肺活量、进展率、额颞叶痴呆 (FTD) 和 C9orf72 重复扩增的存在。 当包含在该模型中时,增加的水平独立地与更短的每个生物标志物的存活率。研究了 Nfs、CHIT1、YKL-40 和 MCP-1 的区分性能以及不同标记之间的相关程度。所有标记物在所有 LEU-pALS 中均升高,但在 LEU-asymp-C9 中未升高(在线补充图 2)。 LEU-C9-ALS 的中值水平与 LEU-sALS 相似。 Nfs、CHIT1、YKL-40 和 MCP-1 水平与发病部位(延髓与脊髓)或初始运动神经元表型(下运动神经元为主与经典 ALS)无关。在所有生物标志物中,发现 Nfs 在区分 ALS-C9-ALS 和 asymp-C9 方面表现出最高的敏感性和特异性。研究了计算区分 asymp-C9 与 ALS-C9 的临界值的其他方法,并随后应用于 BETH。选择了 99% CI 作为所有五个标志物的临界值,与其他测试方法相比,这产生了最高的灵敏度。 

与 sALS 相比,本研究无法复制 C9orf72 ALS 中升高的 Nfs 水平,这很可能是由于 C9-ALS 样本量相对较小。其他研究局限性包括研究的回顾性设计以及未测量 CHIT1 中的多态性这一事实。总之,虽然 CHIT1 水平与 Nfs 相关性更好,但 YKL-40 对 Nfs 具有最显着的附加值,以预测 pALS 的存活。这突出了结合不同生物标志物来预测 pALS 存活率的重要性。进一步表明,在分离 C9-ALS 和 asympt-C9 方面,Nfs 在独立队列中产生比神经炎症标志物更好的分类一致性。需要多中心研究来验证我们的发现并更好地了解神经炎症标志物在 ALS 中的作用。

Masrori PDe Schaepdryver MFloeter MK, et al Prognostic relationship of neurofilaments, CHIT1, YKL-40 and MCP-1 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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    2022-06-02 chendoc252
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    2022-01-03 ms8000001398213591

    基因靶向治疗

    0

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