medRxiv:李兰娟新发论文:找到新冠病毒19个致病性新突变!

2020-04-21 李晨阳 科学网

4月19日,中国工程院院士李兰娟团队在预印本平台medRxiv上发布了未经同行审议的新论文。论文指出,新冠病毒已经出现了能够切实影响致病性的突变,药物和疫苗研发工作有必要把这些突变纳入考虑。

4月19日,中国工程院院士李兰娟团队在预印本平台medRxiv上发布了未经同行审议的新论文。论文指出,新冠病毒已经出现了能够切实影响致病性的突变,药物和疫苗研发工作有必要把这些突变纳入考虑。

论文重点结论:

新冠病毒株的变异和多样性或被大大低估。

不同变异毒株在细胞病变效应和病毒载量方面差异可达270倍。

一种三核苷酸突变能大大增强病毒的复制速率和致病能力,发现这种突变的病人保持了45天的核酸阳性。

研究人员从粪便中分离出了可以复制的活病毒,这与此前报道不同。

2020年1月22日到2020年2月4日之间,研究人员从浙江大学附属医院收治的11名新冠病毒感染患者身上分离了病毒。这些患者年龄从4个月到71岁不等,其中10名患者有过武汉接触史。

研究人员对这11份病人来源的病毒分离株进行了超深度测序,并且同GISAID数据库的1111个基因组序列进行比较。发现这11位患者分离出的病毒共有33个突变,其中19个是首次发现的新突变。

研究人员写道:

尽管在这项研究中,我们只分析了分离自11个病人的病毒,还是观察到了丰富的变异多样性。

……这表明新冠病毒株的真正多样性仍被大大低估了。

新冠病毒已经出现了较多变异,而且相当一部分与适应性有关的突变,就富集在病毒S蛋白和人类ACE2受体结合处的界面。

那么关键问题来了:

这些突变是否对病毒的致病性有功能性影响呢?

众所周知,新冠病毒感染后的症状表现非常复杂,还与病人的年龄、身体状况等因素有关。为了客观评估这些突变对病毒致病性的影响,研究人员决定开展体外感染试验。

他们选择了一种叫做Vero-E6的细胞系,这种细胞系具有与人体细胞非常相似的ACE2受体。他们用所有11个病人来源的病毒分别感染Vero-E6细胞,每隔一段时间采集细胞并检测细胞的病毒载量。

前4个小时内,这些细胞的病毒载量都保持平稳,这时病毒的复制还很少发生。

8个小时后,6号、7号、9号、10号、11号病人来源的病毒载量显着上升。

24小时后,除2号、7号外的所有病毒载量都显着上升,而10号和11号的上升速度比其他都要快很多。

值得注意的是,复制能力最强的10号和复制能力最弱的2号相比,24小时内的病毒载量相差近270倍。

那么,病毒载毒量更高,是否意味着对细胞的杀伤力就越强呢?

研究人员在48小时和72小时检测发现,病毒载毒量越高,细胞的病变效应和死亡率也随之上升。

11号患者来源的病毒中,出现了令人始料未及的三核苷酸突变,而这种突变在后续实验中表现“强劲”,大大提升了毒株的复制速率和致病力。事实上,这位患者的病毒检测阳性,维持了惊人的45天。这种三核苷酸突变的功能影响值得进一步研究。

最后,与近期报道的“粪便中没有分离出活病毒”相反,此项研究中的3份病毒分离株就来自病人的粪便样本,这表明新冠病毒的确有在粪便中复制的能力。

最后研究人员呼吁,对新冠病毒药物和疫苗的研发,需要尽快考虑到这些累积突变的影响,以避免潜在的陷阱。

幸运的是,截至这篇论文写作时,文中所述的11例病人均已康复出院。

原始出处:

Hangping Yao, Xiangyun Lu, Qiong Chen, et al. Patient-derived mutations impact pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2.  doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.14.20060160.

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    2020-09-13 cnxcy
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    2020-04-23 智慧医人
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    2020-04-21 公卫新人

    新冠肺炎,疫情何时才能消失

    0

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由于血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)2是新冠病毒进入人体细胞的受体,有人认为应用血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)、血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂(ARB)等肾素-血管紧张素系统(RAS)抑制剂会导致新冠肺炎患者病

NEJM: 说话会传播新冠病毒!新英格兰医学杂志研究

已有研究提示,说话时产生的气溶胶和细小液滴可能参与病毒在人与人之间的传播。