JAMA Netw Open:戒烟限酒多吃大蒜,得不得胃癌你说了算!

2020-07-05 转化医学网 转化医学网

在中国的癌病研究中,临朐县有着很大的名气,因为临朐县几乎是中国胃癌发病率最高的地方。

山东有一个地方叫临朐县。这个地方很小,只有1833平方公里,大概是北京市的十分之一。但是,在中国的癌病研究中,临朐县有着很大的名气,因为临朐县几乎是中国胃癌发病率最高的地方。

  (临朐县,图片来源:ditu.amap.com)
 
与之形成鲜明对比的,是山东苍山县,那里的胃癌发病率奇低。同一个省份、同一种疾病,为什么会有这么大的差异呢?苍山县是种蒜大县,也是食蒜大县,而临朐县的人民群众,对大蒜并不怎么热情。由此可以联想,大蒜与胃癌或许存在一定联系。
  之前,一项西方人群大规模前瞻性研究中确定了吸烟是胃癌的危险因素,而喝酒和胃癌风险之间存在关联。但另一项荟萃分析和大型前瞻性队列研究均未报道这种关联。有2篇针对中国高危人群的研究,均未报告吸烟和喝酒是导致胃癌的主要因素,其中包括一项前瞻性研究和一项病例对照研究。之前基于临朐人群的病例对照研究支持吸烟而不是饮酒是胃癌的危险因素。韩国一项病例队列研究中,未感染幽门螺杆菌的人中有重度饮酒(每周≥7次)与胃癌风险增加相关。但是,没有发现酒精摄入量与这种关联。

  1995年,研究人员在临朐县启动了山东干预实验(SIT),用来评估2周的幽门螺杆菌治疗和7.3年的维生素和大蒜补充剂对胃癌的进展。期间共随访22.3年,研究人员发现胃癌风险的显著降低与补充维生素和大蒜补充剂有关。


  研究流程图

临朐人群的病例对照研究中,不少人的胃癌风险都与其生活方式因素相关。除了饮食习惯的不当会诱发胃病、胃癌以外,幽门螺杆菌感染也是慢性活动性胃炎、消化性胃溃疡、胃黏膜相关淋巴组织(MALT)淋巴瘤和胃癌的主要致病因素。而大蒜对胃癌的防治效果,也是基于它能有助于预防幽门螺杆菌的感染。


 参与者的分布及主要生活方式因素

  北京大学肿瘤医院领导的研究人员,对3365名参与者进行了随机临床试验,并进行了20年的随访。这项大规模前瞻性研究分析再次支持了吸烟是胃癌发生率和死亡率的危险因素。而不喝酒与大蒜补充剂对预防胃癌有更强的有益作用。在这项前瞻性的分析中,没有发现总摄入水果和蔬菜等饮食因素与胃癌发病或死亡风险显著关联。最终得出结论:在不吸烟不喝酒的人群中,大蒜可降低胃癌的发生率和死亡率。该研究发表在JAMA上。

但这项研究有一定的局限性。首先,研究样本量适中,某些分析的统计能力可能有限。第二,尚无关于生活方式因素的详细信息,例如喝酒的频率和量,吸烟时间和每包年数以及特定饮食的信息,这使他们无法更详细地研究生活方式因素。第三,他们没有有关随访期间生活方式变化的相关数据,也无法检查更新的生活方式因素。但是,这种改变不太可能在干预组和对照组中发生。此外,研究基于营养缺乏的高风险农村人口,因此对一般人口的推断需要谨慎解释。
 
总而言之,不吸烟不喝酒多吃点大蒜,身体倍儿棒!胃癌也离得远了!这项研究的发现为预防胃癌的生活方式干预提供了新见解,表明可能需要针对特定人群亚群制定大规模胃癌预防策略,以最大程度地发挥潜在的有益作用。
 
不过,大蒜的抑癌作用有一定限度,食用达一定量后,抑制作用不一定继续增加。所以更多的还是要进行一定的体育锻炼,戒烟限酒,少食刺激性食物,并且保持良好的心态。
 
原始出处:

Guo Y, Li Z, Zhang J, et al. Association Between Lifestyle Factors, Vitamin and Garlic Supplementation, and Gastric Cancer Outcomes: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(6):e206628. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.6628 

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1728590, encodeId=95631e2859013, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=986913980dd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13980, encryptionId=986913980dd, topicName=PE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f06c33759375, createdName=feather89, createdTime=Tue Nov 17 10:03:55 CST 2020, time=2020-11-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1734233, encodeId=83221e34233c3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d4f412668a4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#NET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12668, encryptionId=d4f412668a4, topicName=NET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7ea033781210, createdName=canlab, createdTime=Thu Aug 27 19:03:55 CST 2020, time=2020-08-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1036156, encodeId=20861036156f8, content=顶刊就是顶刊,谢谢梅斯带来这么高水平的研究报道,我们科里同事经常看梅斯,分享梅斯上的信息, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=旺医, createdTime=Sun Jul 05 16:03:55 CST 2020, time=2020-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=801310, encodeId=cc2b80131039, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f9e2832202f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胃癌#</a>山东临朐县几乎是中国胃癌发病率最高的地方。而山东苍山县,那里的胃癌发病率奇低!极有价值的流行病学样本, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=141, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83220, encryptionId=f9e2832202f, topicName=胃癌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/02/28/889a1910ded7780f3c049b354f1648b7.jpg, createdBy=2a791737770, createdName=mswert122, createdTime=Sun Jul 05 13:33:54 CST 2020, time=2020-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=801309, encodeId=596280130987, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=748743984ce' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#大蒜#</a>防癌有利证据, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=43984, encryptionId=748743984ce, topicName=大蒜)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/02/28/889a1910ded7780f3c049b354f1648b7.jpg, createdBy=2a791737770, createdName=mswert122, createdTime=Sun Jul 05 13:32:12 CST 2020, time=2020-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-11-17 feather89
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1728590, encodeId=95631e2859013, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=986913980dd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13980, encryptionId=986913980dd, topicName=PE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f06c33759375, createdName=feather89, createdTime=Tue Nov 17 10:03:55 CST 2020, time=2020-11-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1734233, encodeId=83221e34233c3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d4f412668a4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#NET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12668, encryptionId=d4f412668a4, topicName=NET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7ea033781210, createdName=canlab, createdTime=Thu Aug 27 19:03:55 CST 2020, time=2020-08-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1036156, encodeId=20861036156f8, content=顶刊就是顶刊,谢谢梅斯带来这么高水平的研究报道,我们科里同事经常看梅斯,分享梅斯上的信息, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=旺医, createdTime=Sun Jul 05 16:03:55 CST 2020, time=2020-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=801310, encodeId=cc2b80131039, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f9e2832202f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胃癌#</a>山东临朐县几乎是中国胃癌发病率最高的地方。而山东苍山县,那里的胃癌发病率奇低!极有价值的流行病学样本, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=141, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83220, encryptionId=f9e2832202f, topicName=胃癌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/02/28/889a1910ded7780f3c049b354f1648b7.jpg, createdBy=2a791737770, createdName=mswert122, createdTime=Sun Jul 05 13:33:54 CST 2020, time=2020-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=801309, encodeId=596280130987, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=748743984ce' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#大蒜#</a>防癌有利证据, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=43984, encryptionId=748743984ce, topicName=大蒜)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/02/28/889a1910ded7780f3c049b354f1648b7.jpg, createdBy=2a791737770, createdName=mswert122, createdTime=Sun Jul 05 13:32:12 CST 2020, time=2020-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-08-27 canlab
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1728590, encodeId=95631e2859013, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=986913980dd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13980, encryptionId=986913980dd, topicName=PE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f06c33759375, createdName=feather89, createdTime=Tue Nov 17 10:03:55 CST 2020, time=2020-11-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1734233, encodeId=83221e34233c3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d4f412668a4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#NET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12668, encryptionId=d4f412668a4, topicName=NET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7ea033781210, createdName=canlab, createdTime=Thu Aug 27 19:03:55 CST 2020, time=2020-08-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1036156, encodeId=20861036156f8, content=顶刊就是顶刊,谢谢梅斯带来这么高水平的研究报道,我们科里同事经常看梅斯,分享梅斯上的信息, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=旺医, createdTime=Sun Jul 05 16:03:55 CST 2020, time=2020-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=801310, encodeId=cc2b80131039, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f9e2832202f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胃癌#</a>山东临朐县几乎是中国胃癌发病率最高的地方。而山东苍山县,那里的胃癌发病率奇低!极有价值的流行病学样本, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=141, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83220, encryptionId=f9e2832202f, topicName=胃癌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/02/28/889a1910ded7780f3c049b354f1648b7.jpg, createdBy=2a791737770, createdName=mswert122, createdTime=Sun Jul 05 13:33:54 CST 2020, time=2020-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=801309, encodeId=596280130987, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=748743984ce' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#大蒜#</a>防癌有利证据, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=43984, encryptionId=748743984ce, topicName=大蒜)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/02/28/889a1910ded7780f3c049b354f1648b7.jpg, createdBy=2a791737770, createdName=mswert122, createdTime=Sun Jul 05 13:32:12 CST 2020, time=2020-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-07-05 旺医

    顶刊就是顶刊,谢谢梅斯带来这么高水平的研究报道,我们科里同事经常看梅斯,分享梅斯上的信息

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1728590, encodeId=95631e2859013, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=986913980dd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13980, encryptionId=986913980dd, topicName=PE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f06c33759375, createdName=feather89, createdTime=Tue Nov 17 10:03:55 CST 2020, time=2020-11-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1734233, encodeId=83221e34233c3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d4f412668a4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#NET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12668, encryptionId=d4f412668a4, topicName=NET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7ea033781210, createdName=canlab, createdTime=Thu Aug 27 19:03:55 CST 2020, time=2020-08-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1036156, encodeId=20861036156f8, content=顶刊就是顶刊,谢谢梅斯带来这么高水平的研究报道,我们科里同事经常看梅斯,分享梅斯上的信息, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=旺医, createdTime=Sun Jul 05 16:03:55 CST 2020, time=2020-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=801310, encodeId=cc2b80131039, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f9e2832202f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胃癌#</a>山东临朐县几乎是中国胃癌发病率最高的地方。而山东苍山县,那里的胃癌发病率奇低!极有价值的流行病学样本, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=141, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83220, encryptionId=f9e2832202f, topicName=胃癌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/02/28/889a1910ded7780f3c049b354f1648b7.jpg, createdBy=2a791737770, createdName=mswert122, createdTime=Sun Jul 05 13:33:54 CST 2020, time=2020-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=801309, encodeId=596280130987, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=748743984ce' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#大蒜#</a>防癌有利证据, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=43984, encryptionId=748743984ce, topicName=大蒜)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/02/28/889a1910ded7780f3c049b354f1648b7.jpg, createdBy=2a791737770, createdName=mswert122, createdTime=Sun Jul 05 13:32:12 CST 2020, time=2020-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-07-05 mswert122

    #胃癌#山东临朐县几乎是中国胃癌发病率最高的地方。而山东苍山县,那里的胃癌发病率奇低!极有价值的流行病学样本

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1728590, encodeId=95631e2859013, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=986913980dd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13980, encryptionId=986913980dd, topicName=PE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f06c33759375, createdName=feather89, createdTime=Tue Nov 17 10:03:55 CST 2020, time=2020-11-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1734233, encodeId=83221e34233c3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d4f412668a4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#NET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12668, encryptionId=d4f412668a4, topicName=NET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7ea033781210, createdName=canlab, createdTime=Thu Aug 27 19:03:55 CST 2020, time=2020-08-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1036156, encodeId=20861036156f8, content=顶刊就是顶刊,谢谢梅斯带来这么高水平的研究报道,我们科里同事经常看梅斯,分享梅斯上的信息, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=旺医, createdTime=Sun Jul 05 16:03:55 CST 2020, time=2020-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=801310, encodeId=cc2b80131039, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f9e2832202f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胃癌#</a>山东临朐县几乎是中国胃癌发病率最高的地方。而山东苍山县,那里的胃癌发病率奇低!极有价值的流行病学样本, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=141, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83220, encryptionId=f9e2832202f, topicName=胃癌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/02/28/889a1910ded7780f3c049b354f1648b7.jpg, createdBy=2a791737770, createdName=mswert122, createdTime=Sun Jul 05 13:33:54 CST 2020, time=2020-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=801309, encodeId=596280130987, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=748743984ce' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#大蒜#</a>防癌有利证据, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=43984, encryptionId=748743984ce, topicName=大蒜)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/02/28/889a1910ded7780f3c049b354f1648b7.jpg, createdBy=2a791737770, createdName=mswert122, createdTime=Sun Jul 05 13:32:12 CST 2020, time=2020-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-07-05 mswert122

    #大蒜#防癌有利证据

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