6岁患儿肺动脉高压的原因是……

2017-11-16 熊长明 肺血管病

6岁患儿,男,因活动后胸闷、气短1年余入院。患儿1年前出现活动后胸闷、气短,无晕厥、咯血,院外检查发现肺动脉高压。肺动脉高压背后的原因是什么?详见以下病例——

6岁患儿,男,因活动后胸闷、气短1年余入院。患儿1年前出现活动后胸闷、气短,无晕厥、咯血,院外检查发现肺动脉高压。肺动脉高压背后的原因是什么?详见以下病例——

临床资料】

患儿,男,6岁。因活动后胸闷、气短1年余入院。患儿1年前出现活动后胸闷、气短,无晕厥、咯血,院外检查发现肺动脉高压。无特殊家族史。

查体:BP 95/60mmHg,双肺呼吸音清晰,HR 90次/分,胸骨左缘3~4肋闻及2/6级收缩期杂音,P2亢进,双下肢无水肿。实验室检查:无明显异常。

心电图:窦性心律,电轴右偏。

胸部X线(图1-1):左肺纹理稀疏,肺动脉凸出,右心房、室增大,心胸比0.55。


图1-1 胸片示左肺纹理稀疏,左肺容积缩小,肺动脉段凸出,右心房、室增大,心胸比0.55

超声心动图:左心不大,右心房、室增大,肺动脉高压(重度),三尖瓣少~中量反流,估测肺动脉收缩压70mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa),其他未见异常。

64排螺旋CT肺动脉增强检查(图1-2)提示“左上肺动脉、舌叶肺动脉主干及分支发育不良,中心肺动脉扩张,右心房、室增大,左肺容积缩小”。

在我院行右心室-肺动脉造影及右心导管检查结果:外周动脉血氧饱和度95%,主肺动脉压80/38(45)mmHg,全肺阻力560dyn?s/cm5(7wood单位)。肺动脉造影(图1-3):右肺动脉分支显影良好,左上肺动脉、舌叶肺动脉分支稀疏,诊断:先天性左肺动脉发育不良,肺动脉高压。

a

图1-2 CT示左上肺动脉细小、缺如(a),右心房、室增大(b),左肺容积缩小(c),VR重建图像示左上肺动脉、舌叶肺动脉缺支(d) b


c


图1-2 CT示左上肺动脉细小、缺如(a),右心房、室增大(b),左肺容积缩小(c),VR重建图像示左上肺动脉、舌叶肺动脉缺支(d) d


a


图1-3 肺动脉造影(正位)示右肺动脉分支显影良好,左上肺动脉、舌叶肺动脉分支稀疏 b

【讨论】

先天性肺动脉发育不良(congenital hypogenesis of pulmonary artery)系胚胎期第6对动脉弓发育缺陷所致,常作为复杂先天性心脏病的合并畸形之一存在,包括法洛四联症、肺动脉闭锁、单心室等。单纯先天性肺动脉发育不良较为少见,以单侧居多,一般都伴随一侧或者相应的一叶肺叶发育不全,发育不全的肺组织在婴幼儿时期由同侧的未闭动脉导管供血,直到儿童时期由支气管或者主动脉来源侧支循环形成供血。由于肺血管细小,肺血管阻力增高,右心负荷增加、肺动脉高压是其主要的病理生理改变。

X线平片显示患侧肺纹理稀疏,肺野透光度降低,肺容积缩小;肺动脉造影、肺血管CT造影检查均可以显示肺动脉发育不良、肺动脉缺如等,肺动脉(或右心室)造影因其属于有创性检查现在通常仅仅在外科手术前或者需要介入栓塞术前使用,而心脏超声检查评估心脏解剖异常或者继发的病理改变总是必要的,尤其是对肺动脉高压的评估。螺旋CT检查的另一好处是同时可以显示肺组织的并发症,比如肺实质的改变或者支气管扩张,支气管扩张也可能是继发于反复肺部感染后的并发症。核素肺通气灌注扫描对肺通气血流匹配的评估也具有明确的鉴别意义,典型表现为患侧通气功能完好而灌注的部分缺失。

单纯先天性肺动脉发育不良的治疗目前主要以控制肺动脉高压、支气管动脉栓塞治疗咯血等对症治疗为主,是最佳的治疗方式,但受条件所限开展不普遍。

版权声明:
本网站所有内容来源注明为“梅斯医学”或“MedSci原创”的文字、图片和音视频资料,版权均属于梅斯医学所有。非经授权,任何媒体、网站或个人不得转载,授权转载时须注明来源为“梅斯医学”。其它来源的文章系转载文章,或“梅斯号”自媒体发布的文章,仅系出于传递更多信息之目的,本站仅负责审核内容合规,其内容不代表本站立场,本站不负责内容的准确性和版权。如果存在侵权、或不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系,我们将立即进行删除处理。
在此留言
评论区 (5)
#插入话题
  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1925194, encodeId=8988192519497, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=26d633354c9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#动脉高压#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=33354, encryptionId=26d633354c9, topicName=动脉高压)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=44a360, createdName=jklm09, createdTime=Tue Mar 27 00:38:00 CST 2018, time=2018-03-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=262021, encodeId=ca7e2620215a, content=非常好的文章.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7LIiaRZTzJ3SEfiauCzTMPW7YvPPYLNJBXG9oh6Al1icq2VQQkIHWxqXehcicTS62YKJVBhxeth3wggw/0, createdBy=7ce01621306, createdName=天涯183, createdTime=Fri Nov 17 12:42:51 CST 2017, time=2017-11-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=262020, encodeId=5e1926202085, content=非常好的文章.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7LIiaRZTzJ3SEfiauCzTMPW7YvPPYLNJBXG9oh6Al1icq2VQQkIHWxqXehcicTS62YKJVBhxeth3wggw/0, createdBy=7ce01621306, createdName=天涯183, createdTime=Fri Nov 17 12:42:45 CST 2017, time=2017-11-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=261779, encodeId=c83e261e79cb, content=好资料学习了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=92191944782, createdName=thlabcde, createdTime=Thu Nov 16 19:40:37 CST 2017, time=2017-11-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=261778, encodeId=a9ae261e7840, content=好资料学习了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=92191944782, createdName=thlabcde, createdTime=Thu Nov 16 19:39:41 CST 2017, time=2017-11-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1925194, encodeId=8988192519497, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=26d633354c9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#动脉高压#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=33354, encryptionId=26d633354c9, topicName=动脉高压)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=44a360, createdName=jklm09, createdTime=Tue Mar 27 00:38:00 CST 2018, time=2018-03-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=262021, encodeId=ca7e2620215a, content=非常好的文章.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7LIiaRZTzJ3SEfiauCzTMPW7YvPPYLNJBXG9oh6Al1icq2VQQkIHWxqXehcicTS62YKJVBhxeth3wggw/0, createdBy=7ce01621306, createdName=天涯183, createdTime=Fri Nov 17 12:42:51 CST 2017, time=2017-11-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=262020, encodeId=5e1926202085, content=非常好的文章.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7LIiaRZTzJ3SEfiauCzTMPW7YvPPYLNJBXG9oh6Al1icq2VQQkIHWxqXehcicTS62YKJVBhxeth3wggw/0, createdBy=7ce01621306, createdName=天涯183, createdTime=Fri Nov 17 12:42:45 CST 2017, time=2017-11-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=261779, encodeId=c83e261e79cb, content=好资料学习了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=92191944782, createdName=thlabcde, createdTime=Thu Nov 16 19:40:37 CST 2017, time=2017-11-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=261778, encodeId=a9ae261e7840, content=好资料学习了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=92191944782, createdName=thlabcde, createdTime=Thu Nov 16 19:39:41 CST 2017, time=2017-11-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-11-17 天涯183

    非常好的文章.学习了

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1925194, encodeId=8988192519497, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=26d633354c9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#动脉高压#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=33354, encryptionId=26d633354c9, topicName=动脉高压)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=44a360, createdName=jklm09, createdTime=Tue Mar 27 00:38:00 CST 2018, time=2018-03-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=262021, encodeId=ca7e2620215a, content=非常好的文章.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7LIiaRZTzJ3SEfiauCzTMPW7YvPPYLNJBXG9oh6Al1icq2VQQkIHWxqXehcicTS62YKJVBhxeth3wggw/0, createdBy=7ce01621306, createdName=天涯183, createdTime=Fri Nov 17 12:42:51 CST 2017, time=2017-11-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=262020, encodeId=5e1926202085, content=非常好的文章.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7LIiaRZTzJ3SEfiauCzTMPW7YvPPYLNJBXG9oh6Al1icq2VQQkIHWxqXehcicTS62YKJVBhxeth3wggw/0, createdBy=7ce01621306, createdName=天涯183, createdTime=Fri Nov 17 12:42:45 CST 2017, time=2017-11-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=261779, encodeId=c83e261e79cb, content=好资料学习了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=92191944782, createdName=thlabcde, createdTime=Thu Nov 16 19:40:37 CST 2017, time=2017-11-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=261778, encodeId=a9ae261e7840, content=好资料学习了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=92191944782, createdName=thlabcde, createdTime=Thu Nov 16 19:39:41 CST 2017, time=2017-11-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-11-17 天涯183

    非常好的文章.学习了

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1925194, encodeId=8988192519497, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=26d633354c9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#动脉高压#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=33354, encryptionId=26d633354c9, topicName=动脉高压)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=44a360, createdName=jklm09, createdTime=Tue Mar 27 00:38:00 CST 2018, time=2018-03-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=262021, encodeId=ca7e2620215a, content=非常好的文章.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7LIiaRZTzJ3SEfiauCzTMPW7YvPPYLNJBXG9oh6Al1icq2VQQkIHWxqXehcicTS62YKJVBhxeth3wggw/0, createdBy=7ce01621306, createdName=天涯183, createdTime=Fri Nov 17 12:42:51 CST 2017, time=2017-11-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=262020, encodeId=5e1926202085, content=非常好的文章.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7LIiaRZTzJ3SEfiauCzTMPW7YvPPYLNJBXG9oh6Al1icq2VQQkIHWxqXehcicTS62YKJVBhxeth3wggw/0, createdBy=7ce01621306, createdName=天涯183, createdTime=Fri Nov 17 12:42:45 CST 2017, time=2017-11-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=261779, encodeId=c83e261e79cb, content=好资料学习了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=92191944782, createdName=thlabcde, createdTime=Thu Nov 16 19:40:37 CST 2017, time=2017-11-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=261778, encodeId=a9ae261e7840, content=好资料学习了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=92191944782, createdName=thlabcde, createdTime=Thu Nov 16 19:39:41 CST 2017, time=2017-11-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-11-16 thlabcde

    好资料学习了!

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1925194, encodeId=8988192519497, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=26d633354c9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#动脉高压#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=33354, encryptionId=26d633354c9, topicName=动脉高压)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=44a360, createdName=jklm09, createdTime=Tue Mar 27 00:38:00 CST 2018, time=2018-03-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=262021, encodeId=ca7e2620215a, content=非常好的文章.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7LIiaRZTzJ3SEfiauCzTMPW7YvPPYLNJBXG9oh6Al1icq2VQQkIHWxqXehcicTS62YKJVBhxeth3wggw/0, createdBy=7ce01621306, createdName=天涯183, createdTime=Fri Nov 17 12:42:51 CST 2017, time=2017-11-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=262020, encodeId=5e1926202085, content=非常好的文章.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7LIiaRZTzJ3SEfiauCzTMPW7YvPPYLNJBXG9oh6Al1icq2VQQkIHWxqXehcicTS62YKJVBhxeth3wggw/0, createdBy=7ce01621306, createdName=天涯183, createdTime=Fri Nov 17 12:42:45 CST 2017, time=2017-11-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=261779, encodeId=c83e261e79cb, content=好资料学习了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=92191944782, createdName=thlabcde, createdTime=Thu Nov 16 19:40:37 CST 2017, time=2017-11-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=261778, encodeId=a9ae261e7840, content=好资料学习了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=92191944782, createdName=thlabcde, createdTime=Thu Nov 16 19:39:41 CST 2017, time=2017-11-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-11-16 thlabcde

    好资料学习了!

    0

相关资讯

Neurology:儿童和青年创伤后缺血性卒中风险分析!

由此可见,创伤后2周内发生卒中的风险升高。起病经常延迟,这为卒中预防提供了一个机会。然而,在创伤时,约有1/4的卒中患者在脑血管成像检查中没有发现血管异常。

令人震惊的蜂毒杀伤力

急性播散性脑脊髓炎(ADEM)是一种免疫介导的中枢神经系统脱髓鞘性疾病,多继发于麻疹、风疹、水痘、天花等急性出疹性疾病,或预防接种后(流感、狂犬病疫苗等)。本文报道黄蜂叮咬致急性播散性脑脊髓炎1例。

Am J Kidney Dis:CKD儿童体重减轻、肾功能下降以及ESRD风险之间的相关性分析!

由此可见,在儿童和青少年CKD患者中,当eGFR下降<35ml/min/1.73m2时,通常会发生体重减轻,并且这种体重减轻与终末期肾病的高风险相关。需要进一步的研究来确定儿童和青少年体重下降和终末期肾病快速进展之间相关性的原因。

七岁“懂事娃”走了 让大爱和生命延续

“等不到8岁的生日了,捐献器官能救他人,延续他人生命,就像孩子还‘活着’。”11月12日,帮父亲收衣服从3楼阳台摔下昏迷的“懂事娃”房小龙走了,其父亲含泪签下器官捐献登记表,希望他以另外一种方式继续“活着”。当天上午,海南医学院第二附属医院医生们为房小龙进行了第三次手术——器官捐献手术,他捐献的肝脏、肾脏被移植给了3名患者捐款治疗奇迹没发生 父亲含泪捐儿遗体今年2月5日上午9点左右,6岁的房小龙帮

Hepatology:儿童早期维生素E的摄入竟然还有这种好处!

目前,关于儿童早期维生素E(α-生育酚)的摄入量与儿童时期丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)水平相关的程度尚不清楚。近期,一项发表在杂志Hepatology上的研究旨在评估儿童早期较高的α-生育酚摄入量是否与儿童中期ALT水平升高的几率相关,并考察了儿童体重指数(BMI)如何影响这些关系。研究者们在Viva项目中研究了528名儿童。使用经过验证的食物频率调查问卷调查了儿童的膳食摄入量(中位数为3.1岁)。在儿

Clin Exp Allergy:孕妇补充叶酸、MTHFR多态性和儿童肺功能和哮喘有关吗?

由此可见,孕妇孕前使用叶酸补充剂并且出生时更高的维生素B12浓度可能负性影响儿童肺功能,这取决于是否为MTHFR-C677T携带者。其临床意义需要进一步进行评估。