Neurology: 亨廷顿病基因携带者中,精神和认知症状普遍存在

2021-04-05 Freeman MedSci原创

亨廷顿病基因携带者中,精神和认知症状普遍存在

亨廷顿病(HD)是一种中枢神经退行性疾病,由亨廷廷基因中的CAG重复扩大(>35个CAG)引起。较长的重复与较早的疾病发病有关。

大脑中的神经元丧失导致进行性运动异常、认知能力下降并最终死亡。运动障碍通常包括舞蹈症,但也可能涉及肌张力障碍、共济失调、眼运动问题和帕金森病,其中一些最初只能通过有针对性的HD检查来识别。衰弱的行为和精神症状在HD基因携带者中很常见,需要治疗,不过在临床实践中不能用来定义HD的发病,因为无法将HD的精神表现与巧合诊断区分开来。对HD基因携带者进行的前瞻性研究显示,与年龄和性别匹配的对照组相比,距预测临床发病多年的HD基因携带者只有细微的运动、认知和精神障碍。这意味着存在一个治疗干预的窗口,以保持正常的大脑功能。详细了解HD基因携带者不同症状出现的时间和影响,将有助于改进针对性治疗。

藉此,英国卡迪夫大学的Branduff McAllister等人,为了评估亨廷顿氏(Huntington's disease,HD)基因携带者精神、认知和运动异常的患病率、时间和功能影响,利用HD临床特征问卷(HD-CCQ)收集了HD患者关于8种运动、认知和精神症状的流行程度和时间的回顾性数据。

这些数据来自欧洲REGISTRY研究分析了来自17个国家161个地点的6316名HD患者的临床特征。该调查表评估了8种症状:运动、认知、冷漠、抑郁、顽固/强迫行为、易怒、暴力/攻击行为和精神病。采用多元逻辑回归分析症状和功能结果之间的关系。

他们发现,随着发病年龄的增加,HD的最初表现越来越可能是运动性症状,而较少是精神性症状,且与致病性CAG重复长度无关。

临床特征问卷采集了非运动症状流行的数据,这些数据与有效的临床测量方法特别相关。精神和认知症状在HD基因携带者中很常见,早期发病与较长的CAG重复有关。

42.4%的HD患者报告在运动症状之前至少有一种精神或认知症状,其中抑郁症最常见。每种非运动症状都与总功能能力评分显著降低有关。

这个上千人的汇总研究揭示了:在HD基因携带者中,精神和认知症状是常见的,并且具有功能衰弱性。这些症状需要通过临床效果措施和治疗来识别和定位。然而,由于无法有把握地将HD引起的非运动症状与原发性精神疾病区分开来,尤其是在年轻的发病前患者中。因此,非运动症状不应被用于HD的临床诊断。

原文出处:

Timing and Impact of Psychiatric, Cognitive, and Motor Abnormalities in Huntington Disease
Branduff McAllister, James F Gusella, G. et al.
Neurology Mar 2021, 10.1212/WNL.0000000000011893; DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000011893

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    2021-07-18 qblt
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    2021-12-26 yinhl1978
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    2021-04-14 ms4000001944881108

    学习学习

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    2021-04-07 145c063cm13暂无昵称

    怎么样知道自己是不是HD基因携带者?

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