BMC Biol:6500个基因竟存在“性别歧视”!男女基因健康大不同!

2017-05-08 佚名 转化医学网

男人和女人存在明显的不同,比如在某些疾病的流行或药物反应方面。但这些疾病和医疗之间存在的差异究竟又与人们的性别存在哪些具体的联系?

男人和女人存在明显的不同,比如在某些疾病的流行或药物反应方面。但这些疾病和医疗之间存在的差异究竟又与人们的性别存在哪些具体的联系?



近日,以色列魏茨曼科学研究所(Weizmann Institute of Science)的研究人员发现了数千个在两性中表达水平不同的蛋白编码基因。他们的研究结果表明,特定基因中有害突变的积累频率在特定性别群体中存在一定差异,男性和女性经历着一种相对独立却也相互关联的生物演化。

该研究对应的文章发表在最新上线的BMC Biology杂志,题为“Moran Gershoni et al. The landscape of sex-differential transcriptome and its consequent selection in human adults。”

在这项研究中,魏茨曼研究所分子遗传学系的Shmuel Pietrokovski教授和Moran Gershoni博士仔细观察了大约20,000个蛋白质编码基因。他们将这些基因按着性别的不同进行了排序并对这些基因在不同组织中的表达差异进行了归纳和总结。最终,他们确定了大约6500个至少在一个组织的表达过程中具有显着性别差异的基因。

基于上述6500个具体基因,研究人员对特定基因累积突变的具体趋势进行了考量,发现大多数性别差异基因的自然选择效率相对更低。

Gershoni表示:“我们发现当具体基因的性别失衡更为严重时,自然选择对这一基因造成的影响便相对更低。除此之外,我们还发现自然选择对于男性致病突变的影响相对更小,虽然不能完全解释这个现象,但在许多物种中,女性确实只能产生有限数量的后代,而男性在理论上则可以产生多个后代。因此,自然选择可能会对只有对男性有害的基因进行更加”宽松”的选择。

“我们所有人的基本基因组几乎是完全一样的,但是这些基因在不同组织器官和个人之间却存在着大量的表达差异。因此,当涉及两性之间的差异时,我们发现人类漫长的进化导致了基因在两性人体内表达水平的巨大差异。令人惊讶的是,在与性别相关的基因中,那些包括能够引起生殖障碍的有害突变更容易被传播。从这个角度来看,男性和女性确实经历着不同的选择压力,至少在某种程度上,人类在共同进化的过程中存在着不同性别相对独立的基因频率变化,相关的研究能够帮助科学家和临床医生更好地了解导致疾病的具体原因并开发更加适用于不同性别人群的疾病疗法。” Gershoni补充说。

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    2017-11-02 sunylz
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    2017-05-08 139****5926

    好文章,学习了

    0

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    2017-05-08 明月清辉

    谢谢分享,学习了

    0

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4月20日,谷歌与Verily宣布启动长达四年,万人参与的大型健康项目,欲打造人类健康地图。对1万名志愿者的血液、唾液和粪便等样本进行癌症液体活检、基因组分析和肠道微生物菌群等多种分析。

DDW:改善肝硬化疾病的基因标记物

丙型肝炎病毒的晚期肝硬化患者的基因分型可以帮助卫生保健专业人员预测丙型肝炎治疗成功后的可能性,从而最大限度地减少对肝脏移植的需求。这项研究是在2017年消化疾病周(DDW)上提出来的,DDW是消除胃肠病学,肝病学,内窥镜检查和胃肠手术领域最大的国际医师,研究人员和学术界的国际聚会。

PLOS Genetics:哪怕基因让你胖,运动也能帮你来抵消

很多人说:“我天生就胖,喝水都长肉。”确实,肥胖受到基因的影响,携带肥胖基因的人确实比较容易胖。那是不是就只能眼睁睁胖下去呢?非也,只要你动起来,基因也会服你。

血液免疫“跨屏障”影响大脑?“忘却烦恼”或有新招!

在两项独立研究中,瑞士巴塞尔大学科学家研究表明,大脑结构本身与少数几种记忆功能都与影响免疫系统功能的具体基因密切相关。两个研究对应的文章则发表在近期上线的Nature Communications 与Nature Human Behaviour杂志上。