Protein Cell :建立首例人类儿童早衰症基因编辑猴模型

2020-07-31 BioArt

多数的人类遗传病由单个核苷酸突变引起,这其中包括儿童早衰症。儿童早衰症目前缺乏有效治疗手段,患者平均寿命大约为15岁,且大部分死于原本高发于老年人的心血管疾病。

多数的人类遗传病由单个核苷酸突变引起,这其中包括儿童早衰症(Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome,HGPS)。90%的儿童早衰症是由于负责编码核纤层蛋白的LMNA基因序列的第1824位的胞嘧啶突变为胸腺嘧啶引起的。尽管该突变未引起氨基酸改变,但其激活了新的RNA剪接位点,使得mRNA缺少了150个碱基,最终导致其翻译出毒性截短蛋白 Progerin。细胞内Progerin的累积增加了细胞核结构的不稳定性,增加DNA损伤,进而导致患者出现一系列早衰相关的病症。儿童早衰症目前缺乏有效治疗手段,患者平均寿命大约为15岁,且大部分死于原本高发于老年人的血管疾病。更重要的是,儿童早衰症患者的组织、细胞和分子表型与人类生理性衰老非常类似,因此该遗传疾病的研究为科学家探究人类衰老的秘密提供了重要的途径。

2020年 7月 29日,昆明理工大学牛昱宇、季维智课题组联合中国科学院动物研究所刘光慧课题组,纽约大学医学院龙承祖课题组,在Protein & Cell杂志上发表研究成果Generation of a Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome monkey model by base editing,首次使用单碱基基因编辑(Base editor,BE)技术建立了儿童早衰症灵长类动物模型。

研究通过显微注射将第四代BE系统,BE4max和靶向LMNA突变位点的gRNA导入猴受精卵,通过胚胎移植成功获得6只新生小猴,高通量测序证实有5只(83%,5/6)动物存在靶向位置胞嘧啶到胸腺嘧啶的突变。其中有3只(50%,3/6)靶向位点编辑效率为100%的纯合模型猴。另外两只为嵌合体,一只编辑效果约为50%,另一只则是在11%-35%之间。研究证实纯合子早衰猴和突变率约为50%突变率的嵌合体猴全身泛组织地表达毒性蛋白Progerin(Lamin A蛋白的截短突变体)。

临床表型观察证实早衰猴出生时表型正常,但是在出生后1个月开始表现出典型的临床早衰症表型,如骨骼生长异常、体重增长缓慢、异常脱发、身体畸形等。组织生理学分析进一步证实了早衰猴出现了皮肤老化,脂肪营养不良和动脉粥样硬化的早期症状。转录组分析数据显示早衰猴相较于野生猴,上调基因富集在免疫应答及细胞因子和细胞因子受体相互作用通路。这些研究结果表明早衰症猴很好地再现了早衰症患者的临床和细胞分子表征。

靶向基因编辑动物模型,特别是灵长类动物,是研究人类遗传病和治疗方案临床前研究十分有效的工具。虽然已有研究证明利用CRISPR/Cas9系统通过同源重组的方式成功构建基因敲入猴动物模型 ,但单碱基靶向突变效率依旧很低。自2016年胞嘧啶碱基编辑器(Cytosine base editors, CBE)的问世,已有多篇报道证明BE能够有效且精准的将哺乳动物基因上的胞嘧啶诱导为胸腺嘧啶,并建立了相应动物模型。在此之前,尚未有灵长类单碱基突变相关衰老疾病动物模型的报道。

本研究首次证实BE4max可以高效且精确地建立灵长类单碱基突变疾病动物模型,同时报道了全球首例灵长类早衰症模型。由于人猴高度的亲缘性关系和组织结构相似性,灵长类早衰症模型的建立将有力推动人类早衰症发病机制和临床治疗的研究。

Protein & Cell杂志同期发表了美国Salk研究所Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte教授团队撰写的题为“First progeria monkey model generated using base editor”的Research Highlight,对该工作的意义进行了积极的评价。

据悉,该项研究由昆明理工大学、中国科学院动物研究所、纽约大学、中国科学院北京基因组研究所、中国科学院干细胞与再生医学创新研究院等机构合作完成。昆明理工大学牛昱宇教授和季维智教授,中国科学院动物研究所刘光慧研究员,纽约大学医学院龙承祖助理教授为文章的共同通讯作者。昆明理工大学博士研究生王芳和康宇,中国科学院北京基因组研究所张维绮研究员和范艳玲助理研究员,纽约大学医学院博士后杨巧艳为并列第一作者。

原始出处:

Fang Wang, Weiqi Zhang, Qiaoyan Yang, et al.Generation of a Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome monkey model by base editing.Protein Cell. 2020 Jul 29. doi: 10.1007/s13238-020-00740-8.

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    2021-04-07 维他命
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    👍

    0

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    2020-08-02 sunylz
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    2020-07-31 CHANGE

    梅斯里提供了很多疾病的模型计算公式,赞一个!

    0

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Cancer Res:科学家建成恶性脑癌小鼠模型,有望促进癌症研究进展

脉络丛癌(choroid plexus carcinoma,CPC)是一种极具挑战性的脑癌。最常发生于1岁以下的婴儿,临床报道较少,目前治疗首选最大程度的手术切除,其次为放、化疗治疗,年龄≥3岁的患儿行放化疗治疗,而年龄<3岁患者一般不考虑放疗,考虑化疗

Translational Psychiatry:环境因素诱导的非人灵长类自闭症模型研究取得进展

自闭症谱系障碍(简称自闭症)儿童表现社会交流缺陷,刻板重复行为和狭隘的兴趣等行为学特征。流行病学研究表明大约 1% 的儿童表现为自闭症,但仅少部分具有明确的遗传学病因。哪些环境因素导致和如何导致自闭症是自闭症研究领域的重大科学问题。孕妇怀孕期间服用抗癫痫药如丙戊酸(VPA)等会增加儿童罹患认知障碍和自闭症的风险,但尚不清楚抗癫痫药如何影响大脑发育和功能。

Arthritis Rheumatol:非侵入性机械关节负荷可作为骨关节炎疼痛的替代模型

这项研究结果表明,MJL诱导OA病变和强烈的疼痛表型,并可以使用已知的缓解OA疼痛的镇痛药逆转。

PLos One:微创胸外科手术计划中基于纳米颗粒的肺血管CT可视化

CF800可以提供SBR和对比度增强的肺血管图像,这可能有助于微创胸外科手术的术前CT计划。