新发现:免疫刺激蛋白IL-4是年龄相关性黄斑变性的潜在新药靶标

2020-05-08 竹子 转化医学网

老年性黄斑变性(AMD)(又称为年龄相关性黄斑变性),是西方国家65岁以上人群不可逆致盲的首要因素。

导言:老年性黄斑变性(AMD)(又称为年龄相关性黄斑变性),是西方国家65岁以上人群不可逆致盲的首要因素。AMD主要分2种类型,干性和湿性(即新生血管性AMD)。现有的治疗新生血管性年龄相关性黄斑变性的药物有一定的弊端,所以仍需开发新药。研究人员最近新发现了一个潜在药物靶标,或能助力AMD的治疗,帮助研究人员开发出新药。

AMD是一种在老年人中发展的神经退行性疾病,是视力障碍的主要原因。AMD的病理学与衰老相关的副炎症有关,包括某些细胞因子的分泌。在患有AMD的患者中,眼部炎症会触发视网膜中央的新血管过度生长。此过程会损坏眼睛中的感光器并导致渐进的视力丧失。通常,骨髓细胞可帮助人体修复受损的组织,而一种通常会触发有用的免疫反应的蛋白,白细胞介素-4(IL-4),可能与骨髓细胞相互作用,从而促进AMD中有害血管的生长。

近日,根据eLife上发表的一项新研究,科学家出乎意料地发现,免疫反应异常参与者,会导致AMD患者的视力丧失。研究结果表明,IL-4及其受体可能是治疗AMD的潜在新药靶标。这项研究标题为“ IL-4在骨髓驱动的血管生成失衡和年龄相关性黄斑变性中的作用”。

共同第一作者,日本鸟取大学眼科学和视觉科学系的副教授马场崇司(Takashi Baba)和他的同事决定研究这些参与者是否对AMD患者有帮助。研究的目的是确定骨髓细胞和IL-4是否能保护AMD患者的感光细胞免于神经变性,以及它们是否在AMD的眼睛中起调节作用。

为此,他们确定了AMD眼房水中IL-4和其他炎症细胞因子的浓度。然后,他们通过功能分析和源自内皮祖细胞(EPC)的骨髓细胞的整体转录谱分析,确定IL-4和骨髓细胞是否在保护眼睛免受异常血管生成的作用。

研究小组测量了234例AMD患者和104例接受白内障手术的老年患者眼睛中的IL-4水平。他们发现患有AMD的患者的IL-4水平高于接受手术的患者。

接下来,他们发现模拟AMD的小鼠中IL-4也升高。为了确定IL-4是在帮助还是伤害动物,他们给他们注射了IL-4,发现它会增加眼睛中血管的过度生长。阻断IL-4产生的抗体可减少这种血管的生长。经过基因工程改造而缺乏IL-4的AMD样小鼠的血管生长也较少。

研究结果表明,IL-4通过吸收有助于眼部病变生长的骨髓细胞,在血管过度生长中发挥关键作用。

鸟取大学眼科学和视觉科学系副教授宫崎大(Dai Miyazaki)补充说,这些结果令人惊讶,表明通常有用的免疫反应反而会造成更大的伤害。由于IL-4在AMD中起着关键的疾病促进作用,它可能成为治疗这种疾病的新疗法的靶标。

参考文献:

【1】徐欢,葛琳等,湿性年龄相关性黄斑变性的新药研发进展,中国新药杂志2019年第28卷第23期。

【2】https://medicalxpress.com/news/2020-05-unexpected-age-related-macular-degeneration.html

【3】https://www.genengnews.com/news/potential-new-drug-target-for-age-related-macular-degeneration/

【4】https://elifesciences.org/articles/54257

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    2020-05-10 zhaojie88
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    2020-05-10 huangdf
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    2020-05-10 muzishouyi

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