Lancet子刊:监狱中的女性55%有头部损伤史,暴力犯罪或与此有关!

2021-06-04 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

在患有SHI的女性中发现了高的多病性,特别是有滥用史和问题药物使用史,以及当前的创伤后应激障碍。这些发现对监狱妇女的政策和干预措施有影响,包括罪犯治疗方案和风险管理。

在过去二十年中,全世界的监狱人口都在增加,监狱中的女性人数也有不成比例的增加。尽管妇女参与刑事司法系统的可能性低于男子,但在欧洲和美国进行的研究表明,狱中女性的精神健康状况和药物滥用相关的慢性健康发病率具有临床意义,比在狱中的男性更为普遍。此外,大多数狱中妇女在儿童或成人时期遭受虐待,并与暴力犯罪有关。

Pixabay.com

人们对被监禁者的头部损伤及其与犯罪的关系也越来越感兴趣。脑损伤的常见持续效应包括信息处理和执行功能受损,以及与冲动、易怒和自我中心有关的情绪变化。这些认知和情绪影响会损害判断力和自控力,从而增加冒犯的风险。对大脑发育成熟的影响值得关注,特别是考虑到后来犯罪的人在儿童时期头部受伤的发生率很高。尽管存在这种联系,而且估计55%的狱中妇女有头部受伤并失去意识的病史,但系统的回顾始终指出,关于狱中妇女头部受伤的证据很少。

基于此,有研究探讨了女囚头部损伤、共病、残疾与犯罪的关系。该研究结果近日发表在了Lancet Psychiatry期刊上。

在这项横断面研究中,研究人员在2018年2月2日至2019年9月30日期间从英国苏格兰的四所监狱招募了女性,如果妇女年龄大于16岁,英语流利,能够参与面对面评估并提供知情同意书,并且没有严重的急性认知或交流障碍,则纳入研究。通过访谈评估头部损伤、认知、残疾、心理健康、滥用和问题药物使用史。用俄亥俄州立大学创伤性脑损伤鉴定方法评估颅脑损伤史,用格拉斯哥出院结局量表评估残疾。对有和无严重头部损伤史的女性进行了比较。

在这些监狱的355名妇女中,研究者招募了109名(31%)。该样本在人口统计学上代表了苏格兰女子监狱中的大约400人。在这109名女性中,85名(78%)被发现有严重的头部损伤,其中34名(40%)有相关的残疾。在85例严重颅脑损伤史(SHI)患者中,有71例(84%)报告了重复性头部损伤,在大多数情况下是由于多年来发生的家庭虐待所致。有SHI病史的妇女比没有SHI病史的妇女更有可能有暴力犯罪史,包括与创伤后应激障碍共病后这种影响仍然显著。在校正当前(比率3.4,1.38.4)或历史(3.5,1.39.2)危险因素后,有SHI的女性比没有SHI的女性在监狱中的时间更长。

在监狱中有过SHI病史的妇女与没有过SHI病史的妇女的酒精和药物使用史的差异

在这一横断面研究中,109名被关押在苏格兰四所监狱的女性头部受伤相关残疾很常见,但并非所有病例都有。施暴者和暴力犯罪之间有很强的联系。在患有SHI的女性中发现了高的多病性,特别是有滥用史和问题药物使用史,以及当前的创伤后应激障碍。这些发现对监狱妇女的政策和干预措施有影响,包括罪犯治疗方案和风险管理

联合国建议为妇女制定替代监禁刑罚和防止再次犯罪的办法,考虑到与残疾相关的发生率很高,以及与监狱妇女暴力犯罪的关系,有必要在脆弱性列表中添加SHI病史。SHI需要纳入暴力风险管理、心理健康、囚犯支持和康复的政策,以及通过刑事司法系统的发展,包括从高安全到低安全的遗产。

参考文献;Associations between significant head injury and persisting disability and violent crime in women in prison in Scotland, UK: a cross-sectional study. Prof Tom M McMillan, PhD Hira Aslam, MSc Eimear Crowe, DClinPsych Eleanor Seddon, DClinPsych Sarah J E Barry, PhD , 2021DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(21)00082-1

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    2022-01-11 howi
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    2021-06-04 goodbing

    顶刊就是不一样,质量很高,内容精彩!学到很多

    0