JNNP:静脉注射免疫球蛋白治疗轻度格林-巴尔综合征综合征:一项国际观察性研究

2021-06-20 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

大约20%-40%的吉兰-巴尔病患者综合征(GBS)在病程中不会丧失独立行走的能力,这被称为“轻度GBS”。与其名称相反,轻度GBS在单独支持治疗后可能有不利的临床病程和不良的

大约20%-40%的吉兰-巴尔病患者综合征(GBS)在病程中不会丧失独立行走的能力,这被称为“轻度GBS”。与其名称相反,轻度GBS在单独支持治疗后可能有不利的临床病程和不良的预后。最初患有轻度GBS的患者在疾病进展阶段可能会恶化。在GBS发病后的最初几周内,是否开始治疗以及何时开始治疗的难题出现了,因为目前无法在出现时预测谁有进一步恶化的风险,而将治疗推迟到进一步恶化后可能会导致更严重和可能不可逆的神经损伤。此外,轻、重度GBS的区分以GBS伤残量表为基础,该量表主要由腿部运动功能驱动,忽略了手臂以及颅神经、感觉神经、自主神经或非运动功能的参与;高达38%的轻度受累患者在6个月后报告有残余疲劳、疼痛或持续性神经功能缺损 6个月。

血浆置换(PE)和静脉注射免疫球蛋白(IVIg)对不能独立行走(严重GBS)的GBS患者同样有效。一项试验表明,两次PE后仍能行走的患者运动恢复的开始时间缩短,但尚未进行随机对照试验来评估IVIg对轻度GBS的疗效。不治疗轻度GBS患者的原因可能包括:由于疾病的自限性,大部分患者自发恢复,副作用包括过敏反应或血栓栓塞事件,而且IVIg很贵。

国际GBS结局研究(IGOS)中招募的先前患者研究表明,75%的轻度GBS患者在入院时接受IVIg治疗。本文利用目前治疗实践中的这种差异,比较了轻度GBS患者接受支持性护理或支持性治疗的临床过程和结果。

IGOS是一项国际性、观察性、前瞻性队列研究,在两年内从参与中心招募GBS患者 所有患者均给予书面知情同意。从IGOS(IGOS-1300队列)的前1300名患者中,选择了所有在研究开始时GBS残疾评分为2分或更低(能够独立行走)的患者,这些患者在2017年1月之前被纳入研究, 选择表现为轻度GBS的患者,因为在临床实践中,是否以及何时开始治疗的困境在最初诊断时最为紧迫。本文将患者分为单独接受支持性治疗的患者和接受支持性治疗并接受IVIg标准疗程的患者2 g/kg。  

Figure 1

试验流程图

首先分析了入院时轻度GBS的患者。然而,这项分析可能包括早期出现但注定会发展为严重GBS的患者。因此,为了评估IVIg对持续轻度GBS患者的疗效,对进入研究后前2周内GBS残疾评分保持在2分或以下的亚组患者进行了第二次分析。前瞻性地收集了有关年龄、性别、报告的既往事件和以下临床特征的数据:颅神经受累、感觉缺损、MRC总分、共济失调、GBS残疾评分、GBS临床变异和自主神经功能障碍。GBS残疾评分测量残疾,范围为0(健康)至6(死亡)。 MRC总分测量6对双侧肌肉的力量,范围为60(完全肌肉力量)至0(完全瘫痪)。 自主神经功能障碍的存在由主治医师确定,并定义为心脏、血压和,胃肠、膀胱、瞳孔或其他自主神经功能障碍。 根据Hadden的标准将第一次神经传导研究(NCS)分为脱髓鞘、轴突、不可抑制、模棱两可或正常神经传导。 治疗信息包括治疗类型(IVIg、PE、其他)、治疗方案、治疗开始和结束日期以及不良事件。

Figure 2

不同时间点GBS残疾评分

主要终点是功能结果, 与未接受IVIg治疗的患者相比,GBS残疾评分较低。次要终点为:26周时的GBS残疾评分、MRC总评分、Rasch构建的整体构建残疾评分(R-ODS)、疲劳严重程度量表和4周和26周时的EuroQol视觉模拟量表,恢复完全肌力的时间(MRC总分60分),达到完全残疾恢复的时间(GBS残疾评分0分),和入院频率,进展到GBS残疾评分3分或更高,进展到机械通气,在第4周和第26周出现疼痛和颅神经缺损。将R-ODS原始评分转换为R-ODS百分位数,以计算R-ODS百分位数的中位数。在第4周和第26周进行轻度疗程 。随访周数定义为研究开始时和1、2、4周后GBS残疾评分为2分或更低 周。完全恢复肌力所需的时间(MRC总分为60分)和GBS残疾量表上的完全恢复所需的时间(得分为0分)。

193例表现为轻度GBS的患者按以下方法治疗:40例(22%)单独给予支持性治疗,148例(77%)给予IVIg治疗,5例(3%)给予PE治疗。仅接受PE治疗的患者被排除在本研究之外。因此,共纳入188名患者。148例接受IVIg治疗的患者接受了2个疗程的治疗。两组之间在年龄、性别、报告的既往事件、GBS残疾评分、MRC总分、GBS变异、颅神经受累或入院时疼痛方面没有差异。与未经治疗的患者相比,IVIg组更常出现共济失调(50/139,36%vs 7/39,18%,p=0.03)和自主神经功能障碍(25/142,17%vs 1/39,3%,p=0.02)。MRC总分 两组的随访周数无差异(IVIg组56,IQR 50-59与支持治疗组56,IQR 54-58,p=0.51)。IVIg副作用少;包括头痛(n=8)、恶心/呕吐(n=4)、静脉穿刺危险(n=1)、湿疹(n=1)、血压波动(n=1)和血栓栓塞(n=1)。

在未经治疗的患者中,14/31(45%)在研究开始后的第一周已经有所改善,而在静脉注射免疫球蛋白治疗的患者中,只有23/132(17%)在开始静脉注射免疫球蛋白治疗时有所改善(p=0.001)。虽然这项观察性研究没有发现在最初轻度GBS患者的支持治疗中加入IVIg的显著益处,但偶人因素可能掩盖了这种治疗可能产生的积极作用

 

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    2021-10-30 xzw113
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    2021-09-14 fusion
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