AGA指南在胰腺囊肿检出进展期肿瘤方面准确性欠佳

2016-06-16 高晓方 译 中国医学论坛报

美国一项研究表明,美国胃肠病学会(AGA)指南在胰腺囊肿检出进展期肿瘤方面的准确性欠佳,综合分子检测的替代方法更具应用前景,但仍需进一步验证。论文发表于《消化内镜》杂志6月刊[Gastrointest Endosc2016,83(6):1107]。        该研究纳入225例因胰腺囊肿接受超声内镜引导下细针穿刺抽吸(EUS-FNA)检查的患者


美国一项研究表明,美国胃肠病学会(AGA)指南在胰腺囊肿检出进展期肿瘤方面的准确性欠佳,综合分子检测的替代方法更具应用前景,但仍需进一步验证。论文发表于《消化内镜》杂志6月刊[Gastrointest Endosc2016,83(6):1107]。
        
该研究纳入225例因胰腺囊肿接受超声内镜引导下细针穿刺抽吸(EUS-FNA)检查的患者,评估患者的临床表现、超声内镜特征、细胞病理学结果、癌胚抗原和胰腺囊肿液分子检测结果。分子检测包括评估热点突变以及KRAS、GNAS、VHL、TP53、PIK3CA和PTEN基因缺失。
       
结果显示,41例(18%)患者具备病理诊断结果,其中13例(6%)为进展期肿瘤。在上述病例中,AGA指南确定进展期肿瘤的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为62%、79%、57%和82%。此外,AGA指南漏诊了45%的腺癌或高度不典型增生的导管内乳头状黏液瘤(IPMN)。在无病理结果证实的184例患者中,依据AGA指南,27例(15%)超声内镜发现和(或)具有VHL基因改变的浆液性囊腺瘤(SCA)患者将继续磁共振成像(MRI)监测。与之相比,胰腺囊肿液分子检测的新路径检出进展期肿瘤的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为100%、90%、79%和100%。
       
■专家点评
  
AGA指南虽不完美但简单实用,新路径价值仍须探讨
        
上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院消化科 袁耀宗 何相宜
       
胰腺囊肿包括先天性、炎症性、肿瘤性等众多类型,其中良性囊肿如假性囊肿、SCA及癌前病变如IPMN、黏液性囊性肿瘤(MCN)最为常见。10多年来,胰腺囊肿的临床处理一直颇具争议。
       
2006年,国际胰腺学会发表了处理IPMN和MCN的指南,提出对小于3cm的囊肿进行随访,手术切除≥3cm或有症状、高危征象或细胞学呈恶性的囊肿。该指南对进展期肿瘤诊断缺乏特异性,故修订版指南于2012年问世,对胰腺囊肿的处理不仅要基于肿瘤大小,还强调了临床症状和高危征象。随后的研究显示,该指南提高了对进展期肿瘤的诊断特异性,但降低了敏感性。此外,上述两项指南均针对IPMN和MCN,对囊肿的临床指导信息较少,较难推广。2015年,AGA基于循证医学证据发布了《无症状肿瘤性胰腺囊肿诊断与管理指南》,因其提高了胰腺囊肿的手术指征,扩大了随访人群而颇具争议。因此,有学者认为AGA指南可能对进展期肿瘤的界定不够准确,对胰腺囊肿的随访并非必要。
        
上述研究的结果显示,AGA指南诊断进展期肿瘤的敏感性为62%、特异性为79%、阳性预测值为57%、阴性预测值为82%。此外,45%的IPMN合并腺癌或高级别上皮内瘤变被漏诊,而15%的SCA却需继续行MRI随访。为提高进展期肿瘤的诊断能力,研究者通过分析建立新的分流随访路径,诊断敏感性达100%、特异性为90%、阳性预测值为79%、阴性预测值为100%。与AGA指南不同,新路径结合了2012年国际胰腺学会修订版和2015年AGA指南,降低了初始行EUS-FNA检查的阈值,即胰腺囊肿只需符合以下1项条件:囊肿大小≥1.5cm、主胰管扩张、壁结节、胰腺囊肿相关的临床症状以及胰腺癌家族史即可行EUS-FNA检查。另一个重要的变更为新路径结合了特异性、敏感性均更高的分子检测手段,例如SCA常有VHL基因突变,而KRAS和GNAS则通常发生在IPMN中。
        
虽然2015年AGA指南的敏感性、特异性尚不完美,但对临床医生而言,具有简单实用的价值。而上述研究中提出的新分流路径虽提高了敏感性、特异性,但研究数据仅来自于1所医院,并且分子检测手段目前难以在我国广泛开展。因此,这一新路径的临床价值仍需要进一步探讨。

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    2021-04-07 ms8000000054312428

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    2017-03-15 vera_1203
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    2016-06-18 沉心多思

    好文章,值得学习

    0

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