Nature Communications:父母健康子代也会不育?科学家发现新型遗传机制或能解答不育未解之谜

2022-01-26 露娜 生物探索

此次研究是新型遗传机制的重大突破,对于未来研究方向的转变及男性不育症的临床治疗都具有重大借鉴意义。随着科学家在男性不育基因突变层面的深入研究,让我们期待基因疗法应用于不育症治疗的那一天。

WHO调查,全球约15%育龄夫妇存在不育问题,而男性因素占了其中一半,目前高达7%的男性群体面临不育的困扰。

不育男性大多是因为受到少精子症或无精子症的影响,而目前影响男性不育的几大因素有:环境因素、身体因素和基因因素。然而,对于大多数男性不育患者来说,致病原因仍不得而知。 

110日,一项由英国纽卡斯尔大学生物科学研究所院长Joris Veltman教授牵头的研究“A de novo paradigm for male infertility”发布在知名期刊Nature Communications,该研究发现生殖过程中,亲代DNA在复制时发生突变,即从头突变(De novo mutationsDNM),可能会导致后代成年后患不育症!

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1. 研究成果(图源:Nature Communications 

因为目前大多数基因研究仍着眼于不育的隐性遗传原因,即父母双方都是一个基因突变的携带者,当儿子继承了两个突变副本时,会导致其生育能力出现问题。这项研究中发现的DNM对于转变未来研究方向及治疗男性不育症都具有重大借鉴意义。

其实早在1999年,就曾报道在一名无精子症患者存在Y染色体基因USP9Y中的DNM,然而截至目前都尚未尝试对DNM在男性不育症中的影响进行系统性分析。研究人员分析后归纳出两个原因:一方面是目前对男性生殖健康的基础研究还较为缺乏;另一方面也归因于现实中收集疾病样本的挑战。 

【试验设计】 

研究人员先假设DNM在严重男性不育症中扮演重要角色,并尝试解释这种未得到充分研究的病症中存在的部分遗传因素。

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2. 诊断和临床结果流程图(图源:Nature Communications

此次的研究样本来自纽卡斯尔生育中心和荷兰内梅亨大学医学中心。为了验证假设,研究人员通过对185名不育男性及其父母进行全外显子组测序(WES),调查了DNM185例无法解释的少精子症(<500万精子细胞/mln=74)和无精子症(n=111)病例中的作用。结果发现并验证了192个罕见的DNMMAF<0.1%),其中145种是可能对男性生育能力产生负面影响的罕见蛋白质突变。

经过系统分析,145种罕见蛋白突变的DNM中有29种被归类为可能导致男性不育表型,即多达29个突变直接影响与精子发生相关的基因。

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3. 受从头突变影响的蛋白质相互作用(图源:Nature Communications

从广义上讲,在遗传疾病中,主要作用的疾病基因通常对LoF突变不耐受,表现为高pLI评分或低LOEUF评分。研究者对具有从头功能丧失的突变基因进行不耐受分析,发现在不育的男性队列中,具有LoF DNMn=17)的LoF不耐受基因数量显著,而在对照病例队列中却未发现此种现象。

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4. 从头功能丧失的突变基因进行不耐受分析(图源:Nature Communications

此外,研究人员还确定基因RBM5是雄性生殖细胞前mRNA剪接的重要调节因子,这类调节因子在此前已被验证与小鼠雄性不育症相关。后续研究中,在2506名不育患者的队列中观察到6种影响该基因的罕见致病性错义突变,而在5784名可生育的男性队列中未发现此类突变(p=0.03)。 

研究结果证实从头突变对严重男性不育症具有重要影响,并证实了影响生育能力的新候选负面基因

DNM基因的深入研究】

为了进一步研究队列中确定的DNM基因,研究人员与《国际男性不育基因组学协会》和Geisinger Regeneron DiscovEHR合作,在不育男性的外显子组数据集中(n=2506)寻找这些基因中存在罕见的预测致病性突变。为了进行比较,研究人员纳入11587名可生育男性和女性队列的外显子组数据集。 

在其他不育队列中,研究人员在DNM LoF不耐受基因中发现了17LoF突变。与生育男性相比,共有11个基因显示不育男性致病性错义突变丰富。然而,在应用Bonferroni校正抵消多次试验的影响后,在RBM5基因(上文已解释为雄性生殖细胞前mRNA剪接的重要调节因子)中观察到唯一显著的富集(调整后的p=0.03)。在该基因中,除了具有从头错义突变的先证者外,还发现6名不育男性携带罕见的致病性错义突变。重要的是,在生育队列中的男性中未发现此类预测的致病性突变。与这些结果一致,RBM5对错义突变高度不耐受。

1 来自不同不育男性队列和可育对照队列的外显子组数据中罕见致病性错义突变

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表格来源:Nature Communications 

除了对可育男性和不育男性进行比较外,研究人员还调查了可生育男性与可生育女性的预测致病性突变数量是否存在差异,DNM基因未显示出性别间的显著差异。

此次研究是新型遗传机制的重大突破,对于未来研究方向的转变及男性不育症的临床治疗都具有重大借鉴意义。随着科学家在男性不育基因突变层面的深入研究,让我们期待基因疗法应用于不育症治疗的那一天。

题图来源:News Medical,仅用于学术交流

参考资料:

[1]Oud MS, Smits RM, Smith HE, et al. A denovo paradigm for male infertility. Nat Commun. 2022 Jan 10; 13(1): 154. Doi:10.1038/s41467-021-27132-8. 

[2]Babakhanzadeh E, Nazari M, Ghasemifar S, et al. Some of the Factors Involved in Male Infertility: A Prospective Review. Int J Gen Med. 2020 Feb 5; 13: 29-41. Doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S241099. 

 

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    2022-06-30 楚钟
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    2022-08-16 docwu2019
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    2022-12-11 liuli5079
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