Cell:高脂肪膳食让大脑挨饿

2016-05-03 佚名 生物谷

在一项新的研究中,德国科隆马克斯普朗克代谢研究所(Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Researc)主任Jens Brüning领导的一个研究团队报道了给小鼠喂食三天高脂肪食物会导致到达它们大脑中的葡萄糖数量下降。小鼠大脑要在四周之后才恢复它正常的葡萄糖摄取水平,不过也让身体剩余部分为此付出代价。相关研究结果于2016年4月28日在线发表在Cell期刊上

在一项新的研究中,德国科隆马克斯普朗克代谢研究所(Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Researc)主任Jens Brüning领导的一个研究团队报道了给小鼠喂食三天高脂肪食物会导致到达它们大脑中的葡萄糖数量下降。小鼠大脑要在四周之后才恢复它正常的葡萄糖摄取水平,不过也让身体剩余部分为此付出代价。相关研究结果于2016年4月28日在线发表在Cell期刊上,论文标题为“Myeloid-Cell-Derived VEGF Maintains Brain Glucose Uptake and Limits Cognitive Impairment in Obesity”。

高脂肪含量食物让我们的身体失去平衡。肥胖和诸如2型糖尿病之类的疾病也会因此产生。但是高脂肪饮食如何影响我们的大脑呢?为此,研究人员研究了小鼠的大脑以便理解肥胖和糖尿病是如何产生的。

论文共同第一作者Alexander Jais解释道,“[小鼠]只需吃三天高脂肪食物就会降低大脑对血液中的葡萄糖的摄取,即便这些小鼠每天消耗大量卡路里(热量单位),也是如此。为此负责的是蛋白GLUT-1,它是血脑屏障中最为重要的蛋白转运体。”导致GLUT-1转运体数量下降的潜在触发物是游离的饱和脂肪酸,这是因为它们对血脑屏障的细胞具有毒性作用。大脑的重要区域---海马体和大脑皮层---缺乏葡萄糖,其中海马体控制代谢,大脑皮层负责学习和记忆。

大脑采取行动来补偿它的能量缺乏。作为免疫系统中的特化细胞,巨噬细胞产生生长因子VEGF,并且是直接将它释放到血脑屏障的血管内皮细胞中,其中VEGF促进GLUT-1产生和增强其功能。在4周后,正常的葡萄糖水平就能够在大脑中测量到,即便小鼠继续吃高脂肪食物,也是如此。如果这些小鼠缺乏VEGF,那么大脑的葡萄糖摄取能力依然保持下降。Jais说,“也因此,小鼠学习比较慢,并且记忆受损。”

当食物持续含有高脂肪时,平衡大脑对葡萄糖的需求是以牺牲身体剩余部分的代价来实现的。Jais解释道,“我们称它为自私的大脑,这是因为它通过增强身体对甜食的食欲来获得它所需的葡萄糖,但是就长期而言,这会阻止肌肉组织和脂肪组织对葡萄糖的摄取。肌肉组织中的细胞对胰岛素---该激素正常条件下调节这些组织中的细胞对葡萄糖的摄取---产生抵抗性。最终,这会导致糖尿病产生。”

原始出处:

Jais A, Solas M, Backes H, Chaurasia B, Kleinridders A, Theurich S, Mauer J, Steculorum SM, Hampel B, Goldau J, Alber J, Förster CY, Eming SA, Schwaninger M, Ferrara N, Karsenty G, Brüning JC. Myeloid-Cell-Derived VEGF Maintains Brain Glucose Uptake and Limits Cognitive Impairment in Obesity. Cell. 2016 Apr 27. pii: S0092-8674(16)30331-2.

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    2017-01-10 维他命
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    2016-05-05 zhaojie88
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    2016-05-05 pcw111

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