JAMA子刊:阿片类药物成瘾治疗的成本效益

2021-04-04 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

阿片类药物是罂粟衍生的精神活性物质或人工合成的类似物质,例如吗啡和海洛因。

阿片类药物是罂粟衍生的精神活性物质或人工合成的类似物质,例如吗啡和海洛因。根据世界卫生组织的数据显示,全球每年有6.9万人死于阿片类药物过量。估计有1500万人依赖阿片类药物(即阿片类药物成瘾)。

阿片类药物是罂粟衍生的精神活性物质或人工合成的具有类似效果的物质,例如吗啡、海洛因、曲马多、羟考酮和美沙酮。大量证据表明,美沙酮、丁丙诺啡和纳曲酮都能减少阿片类药物的使用和与阿片类药物使用障碍有关的症状。

这些药物还能减少传染病传播的风险以及与吸毒有关的犯罪行为、提高成瘾患者继续接受治疗的可能性,而这本身就与过量用药死亡的风险降低、艾滋病毒和丙型肝炎病毒传播的风险降低、刑事司法参与减少以及就业的可能性增加有关。

阿片类药物使用障碍(OUD)是美国发病率和死亡率的重要原因,但许多OUD患者没有接受治疗。最近,美国斯坦福大学领衔评估美国阿片类药物使用障碍治疗的成本效益,以及这些治疗与结果的关联,结果发表在最新的JAMA Psychiatry杂志上。

该基于模型的成本效益分析纳入了美国的OUD人群。使用丁丙诺啡、美沙酮或注射式缓释纳曲酮进行药物辅助治疗(MAT);心理治疗(超越标准咨询);过量教育和纳洛酮分配(OEND);以及应急管理(CM)。致命和非致命的过量用药和整个5年的死亡,折算后的终生质量调整生命年(QALYs)和成本。

在没有治疗的情况下,估计5年内过量用药的发生率为42717次/10万人(4132次致命,38585次非致命)和12660次死亡。估计美沙酮治疗可解释10.7%过量用药的减少,丁丙诺啡或纳曲酮为22.0%,而CM和心理治疗联合使用时则为21.0-31.4%。

估计死亡人数与美沙酮MAT(6%)、丁丙诺啡或纳曲酮MAT(13.9%),以及与CM、OEND和心理治疗相结合时(16.9%)MAT有关。MAT产生的收益为每人1.02至1.07QALYs。仅包括卫生保健部门的成本,与不治疗相比,美沙酮的成本为16000美元/QALY收益,其次是美沙酮与OEND(22000美元/QALY收益)、丁丙诺啡与OEND和CM(42000美元/QALY收益)和丁丙诺啡与OEND、CM和心理治疗(250000美元/QALY收益)。

此外,当包括刑事司法成本时,所有形式的MAT(含丁丙诺啡、美沙酮和纳曲酮)都与不治疗相比节省了成本,每人一生成本节省了25000至105000美元。美沙酮加CM可节省的费用最多。

综上,在扩大MAT的使用范围加上OEND和CM时,可以节省OUD发病率和死亡率成本。了解替代形式的MAT治疗OUD的成本效益至关重要。

 

参考文献:

airley M, Humphreys K, Joyce VR, et al. Cost-effectiveness of Treatments for Opioid Use Disorder. JAMA Psychiatry. Published online March 31, 2021. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.0247

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    2021-04-06 lhlxtx
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    2021-04-04 旺医

    顶刊就是顶刊,谢谢梅斯带来这么高水平的研究报道,我们科里同事经常看梅斯,分享梅斯上的信息

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