Aging and disease:华中科技大学协和医院团队揭开COVID-19肾损伤临床特点及转归

2022-06-29 影像小生 MedSci原创

COVID-19并发AKI患者比非AKI患者有更高的总死亡率和更短的生存时间。AKI/CKD合并COVID-19感染患者预后较只合并AKI的COVID-19患者差。

SARS-CoV-2引起肺组织炎症,导致急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS),类似于中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒(MERS-CoV)和SARS-CoV。肺是SARS-CoV-2的主要靶器官,肺炎是大多数COVID-19患者的初始临床症状。然而,这种病毒会导致多器官损伤。COVID-19可能涉及心脏、肝脏和肾脏等器官。中国、意大利和美国的早期临床研究报告显示,COVID-19患者的急性肾损伤(AKI)发生率在0.5% ~ 36.3%之间。前期研究发现,COVID-19患者肾损伤的病理表现包括弥漫性近端小管损伤伴刷状边界丢失、非等长空泡变性、明显坏死、明显的红细胞聚集阻塞毛细血管腔,无血小板或纤维样物质,以及冠状病毒颗粒聚集在小管上皮和足细胞。其他研究也观察到严重的急性肾小管坏死、SARS-CoV-2 NP抗原和含有病毒的空泡聚集在肾小管中。

Aging and disease刊发了华中科技大学同济医学院协和医院肾内科Jing Xiong等的研究文章,该研究收集并分析了2020年1月16日至4月16日在武汉协和医院西校区收治的1077例COVID-19患者的数据,调查了COVID-19患者中AKI和AKI在慢性肾脏疾病(AKI/CKD)的发病率,以描述这些患者的临床特征和结局,并确定与AKI发展相关的危险因素。

1077例COVID-19患者住院期间60例(5.6%)诊断为急性肾损伤(AKI),其中18例(30%)合并慢性肾脏疾病(AKI/CKD)。

COVID-19 AKI患者预后较差,重症监护室(ICU)入院率(28.3%)和病死率(65%)分别高于非AKI患者(3.4%和10.7%)。

在COVID-19患者中,AKI多发生在男性患者、老年人、病情较重患者及合并高血压糖尿病、冠心病(CHD)、慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)和CKD等合并症患者。

COVID-19 AKI患者较非AKI患者更易发生呼吸衰竭、消化道出血、急性肝损伤、急性心肌损伤、心力衰竭、急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)、脑血管意外和弥散性血管内凝血(DIC)。

与非AKI患者相比,COVID-19 AKI患者血小板计数、淋巴细胞计数、白蛋白水平和血清钙水平较低,但白细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数和血清钾水平较高。AKI患者的C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-6 (IL-6)、降钙素原(PCT)等炎症指标明显高于非AKI患者。

与非AKI患者相比,COVID-19 AKI患者的凝血酶原时间(PT)更长,活化部分凝血酶活时间(APTT)更长,D-二聚体水平更高。

生存分析显示,COVID-19 AKI患者的生存率低于非AKI患者。此外,COVID-19 AKI/CKD患者的生存率低于只有AKI或CKD的患者。

AKI和非AKI患者的生存曲线

不同AKI和CKD患者的生存曲线

多因素logistic回归分析显示,呼吸衰竭、急性心肌损伤、住院期间肌酐和PCT水平升高等并发症是COVID-19患者AKI的预测因素。

总之,该研究发现COVID-19并发AKI患者比非AKI患者有更高的总死亡率和更短的生存时间。AKI/CKD合并COVID-19感染患者预后较只合并AKI的COVID-19患者差。还发现COVID-19患者的AKI与呼吸衰竭、急性心肌损伤肌酐和PCT水平密切相关。COVID-19急性肾损伤患者出院后的远期预后需要进一步研究。

原文出处

Zhifeng Xu , Yuanyuan Zhang , Chun Zhang , Fei Xiong , Jianduan Zhang , Jing Xiong. Clinical Features and Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients with Acute Kidney Injury and Acute Kidney Injury on Chronic Kidney Disease. Aging and disease. 2022, 13(3): 884-898 https://doi.org/10.14336/AD.2021.1125

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Physiol Rep:FXa因子抑制剂艾多沙班可通过减少上皮间质转化和炎症反应来改善肾大部分切除术后的肾损伤

最近的证据表明,CKD患者普遍存在凝血障碍,随CKD进展,凝血因子增加,从而导致CKD程度进一步恶化。然而,目前关于凝血因子在CKD发展中的作用尚不明确。

Brit J Anaesth:非心脏手术患者七氟烷所致肾损伤情况

与使用其他挥发性药物麻醉相比,七氟烷麻醉3小时以上与术后肾损伤无关。

BMJ子刊:SGLT-2抑制剂会造成肾损伤吗?这项2万多人的队列研究告诉你答案!

与临床相关的活性对照物相比,SGLT2-i 对肾脏的保护作用显而易见,并且不会增加 AKI 的风险,临床上可以放心使用。

European Radiology:IVIM和DTI在无创检测2型糖尿病早期肾损伤的方面的价值

糖尿病肾病(DKD)是导致糖尿病患者慢性肾病(CKD)和终末期肾病的主要原因之一。大量证据表明,早期治疗可以延缓或防止DKD的进展。