Cell Stem Cell:上海药物所合作发现肝脏胆汁酸代谢影响肠道屏障功能的分子机制

2022-09-04 中科院上海药物所 中科院上海药物所

已有研究表明,胆汁酸是肠上皮屏障功能的重要调控物质,但其内在机制尚未阐明。

肠上皮屏障损伤在炎症性肠病(IBD)细胞和分子发病机制研究中备受关注。肠上皮屏障结构和功能的完整性依赖于稳定更新的上皮细胞和具有正常功能的细胞旁通路。胆汁酸是肝脏中胆固醇分解的最终产物,主要通过法尼醇X受体(FXR)和G 蛋白偶联胆汁酸受体1(TGR5)调节机体能量代谢和免疫功能等。已有研究表明,胆汁酸是肠上皮屏障功能的重要调控物质,但其内在机制尚未阐明。

中国科学院上海药物研究所、上海中医药大学龙华医院与美国国立卫生研究院联合团队,在肠道上皮屏障修复的跨器官调控机制研究中获得重要发现,相关成果“Hepatic cytochrome P450 8B1 and cholic acid potentiate intestinal epithelial injury in colitis by suppressing intestinal stem cell renewal”于2022年9月1日在线发表于干细胞领域专业期刊Cell Stem Cell杂志。

研究人员发现活动期IBD患者和结肠炎小鼠体内胆汁酸代谢紊乱,胆酸(CA)水平显著上调,且肝脏胆汁酸经典合成途径代谢酶CYP8B1出现过度活化。通过外源补充CA或过表达CYP8B1均能够加重小鼠IBD表型,损伤肠道屏障及其修复功能,而干扰CYP8B1的表达则可促进肠道炎症缓解,恢复肠上皮再生能力。

隐窝肠道干细胞(Lgr5+ ISC)的自我更新在维持肠稳态、抵御微生物入侵中发挥重要作用。为深入了解CYP8B1-CA代谢轴影响肠干细胞(ISC)更新的机制,研究人员分离结肠炎小鼠的肠道隐窝和ISC进行体外培养,发现病理浓度的CA显著减弱结肠炎小鼠隐窝中类器官的出芽和传代能力,并直接抑制Lgr5+ ISC的增殖(图1)。

图1. CA直接抑制Lgr5+ ISC的增殖。

在进一步的RNA-Seq和代谢组学分析中,研究人员发现CA可抑制结肠炎小鼠隐窝的脂肪酸氧化(FAO)过程及PPARα信号通路。他们通过肠特异性敲除Pparα的结肠炎小鼠证实了CYP8B1-CA代谢轴通过抑制PPARα介导的FAO,削弱Lgr5+ ISC的更新能力,加重肠道屏障损伤。

最后,研究人员应用FXR激动剂奥贝胆酸(OCA)间接抑制结肠炎小鼠体内CYP8B1的活性,能够促进其Lgr5+ ISC的增殖和传代能力,验证了肝脏FXR-CYP8B1-CA代谢轴在IBD中的重要作用。

图2. 肝脏CYP8B1-CA代谢轴跨器官调控肠道上皮损伤修复的分子机制。

综上,该研究发现在炎症性肠病状态下,CYP8B1异常活化并导致其产物CA积累,远程抑制隐窝基底部ISC的自我更新,阻止肠上皮屏障修复。研究人员不仅提出肝脏FXR和CYP8B1有望成为“肠病肝治”的新靶标,同时也发现FXR激动剂能够兼顾调节炎症和修复受损的肠上皮屏障,因此FXR激动剂有望成为更有前景的IBD治疗药物。(图2)。

上海药物所谢岑研究员、何世君副研究员和美国国立卫生研究院Frank J. Gonzalez教授为本研究共同通讯作者。上海药物所博士后陈丽、研究助理焦廷颖、上海中医药大学附属龙华医院刘维薇教授和美国国立卫生研究院罗雨虹博士为本论文共同第一作者。该工作得到了上海药物所左建平研究员、上海营养与健康研究所丁秋蓉研究员和秦骏研究员以及上海交通大学精准医学研究院于士颜研究员的大力支持和帮助。该工作获得国家重点研发计划项目、中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(B类)、上海市科技重大专项和国家自然科学基金等项目的资助。

全文链接

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1934590922003447

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    2023-04-15 维他命
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    2022-09-05 xulv123

    认真学习~~

    0

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