J NEUROL NEUROSUR PS:奖赏机制有利于卒中患者空间忽略症康复

2012-11-29 J NEUROL NEUROSUR PS J NEUROL NEUROSUR PS

       来自伦敦大学帝国理工学院和布鲁内尔大学的研究者们的一项研究显示,部分视野注视障碍的卒中患者在获得一定奖励后可能会表现更好。         约有1/3~1/2的卒中患者罹患空间忽略,这是一种视觉注意力障碍。是指患者不会注意到他们视野其中一侧的物体。在一些情况下,患者会只刮半边脸的胡子,或吃

       来自伦敦大学帝国理工学院和布鲁内尔大学的研究者们的一项研究显示,部分视野注视障碍的卒中患者在获得一定奖励后可能会表现更好。 

       约有1/3~1/2的卒中患者罹患空间忽略,这是一种视觉注意力障碍。是指患者不会注意到他们视野其中一侧的物体。在一些情况下,患者会只刮半边脸的胡子,或吃饭时盘子中剩一半食物。

       这项新研究首次发现,有空间忽略的患者在被许诺给予物质奖励时,进行临床试验会表现得更好。这些结果为卒中患者带来了新的行为疗法,并且强调了药物可以把大脑的一个系统作为靶点。

       该项研究的研究者领导伦敦大学帝国理工学院脑科学系Paresh Malhotra博士说:“最近有很多关于奖励如何改善健康人注意力的研究。我们想看看如果对有偏侧空间忽略的患者进行奖励,他们的表现是否会改善。”

       研究者对10例有空间忽略的患者进行了一项试验,该试验要求他们在一张有很多形状相似的圆形物体的纸上画出硬币的圆形图像,他们被告知,每画出一个圆形硬币,则会得到一英镑。他们还用钮扣代替硬币进行了一项相似的试验,但被告知进行这项试验没有奖励。

       结果显示首次试验结束后,所有参与者都得到了价值15英镑的代金券,代金券价值由他们在硬币试验中的表现决定。此后他们再次接受了相同的试验,但钮扣试验没有与硬币试验相似奖励。在第二次试验时,10例患者中的8例在硬币试验时表现更好。Malhotra博士说,“很显然,我们不给患者钱,但结果表明,其他类型的激励刺激可能也有助于卒中康复”。

       研究者认为,患者表现改善可能是由多巴胺导致,多巴胺已被发现可改善一些类似症状患者的注意力。既往在健康人和动物中进行的很多研究发现,当我们期望奖励(例如食物、性或钱)时,多巴胺水平会升高。在该研究中,研究者未测定多巴胺水平,但在给予奖励时表现没有改善的2例患者纹状体脑区有损害,该脑区被认为是释放多巴胺的重要区域。研究者说,“很多研究将奖励与多巴胺联系起来,因此研究的另一种意义是我们可以控制脑部自身导致这些效应的多巴胺系统。”


Background 
Reward has been shown to affect attention in healthy individuals, but there have been no studies addressing whether reward influences attentional impairments in patients with focal brain damage.
Methods 
Using two novel variants of a widely-used clinical cancellation task, we assessed whether reward modulated impaired attention in 10 individuals with left neglect secondary to right hemisphere stroke.
Results 
Reward exposure significantly reduced neglect, as measured by total targets found, left-sided targets found and centre of cancellation, across the patient group. Lesion analysis showed that lack of response to reward was associated with damage to the ipsilateral striatum.
Conclusions 
This is the first experimental evidence that reward can modulate attentional impairments following brain damage. These results have significant implications for the development of behavioural and pharmacological therapies for patients with attentional disorders.

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    2013-05-22 yinhl1978
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    2012-11-30 lsndxfj